Performance of pfHRP2 versus pLDH antigen rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of  Plasmodium falciparum : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Li, Bo; Sun, Zhiqiang; Li, Xiaohan; Li, Xiaoxi; Wang, Han; Chen, Weijiao; Chen, Peng; Qiao, Mengran; Mao, Yuanli

doi:10.5114/aoms.2017.67279

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Genetic variation of Pfhrp2 and its prozone effect might be the cause of lower sensitivity of this malaria RDT, false negative PfHRP2, as reported in the past studies [47][48][49]. Lower sensitivity of PfPLDH RDT in this as well as several other studies [42,50] merits more attention to enhance its sensitivity. Our study found slightly higher values of sensitivity and specificity of PfHRP2 in comparison with others study [51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Alemayehu¹,

López²,

Dieng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease particularly due to Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum ). Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP-2) and Plasmodium falciparum specific Lactate Dehydrogenase (PfPLDH) based rapid diagnostic test are commonly used for malaria diagnosis in malaria endemic countries where microscopic examination is scarce. However, there is limited information on the performance of malaria RDT in rural and semi urban area of Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT for diagnosis of falciparum malaria against microscopy as reference method. Methods Health-facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia from November to December 2018. A total of four hundred and six malaria-suspected participants attending Bambasi, Sherkole, Kurmuk and Assosa health-centers were tested. Finger-prick blood samples were collected for microscopy blood film preparation, RDTs and molecular diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Results Of the total study participants, 26.4% (107/406) were microscope confirmed P. falciparum positive. Using PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT, 30.3% (123/406) and 24.1% (98/406) were positive for P. falciparum, respectively. The sensitivity of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH was 96% and 89%, respectively, against microscope. The corresponding specificity rates of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH were 93% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT were 84%, 97%, 99% and 96%, respectively. There was an agreement between RDTs (PfPLDH and PfHRP2) and reference microscopy method with a kappa value of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Compared to qPCR, the specificity of PfHRP2 (93%) and PfPLDH RDT (98%) were high, though the respective sensitivity of PfHRP2(77%) and PfPLDH RDT(70%) were low. Conclusion PfHRP2 and PfPLDH showed reasonable agreement in detecting P. falciparum infections. Hence, currently used national malaria RDT kit can be continue to be used in certain malaria endemic areas in Ethiopia. However, Continuous monitoring the performance of PfHRP-2 RDT associated with false negative results is important to consider an alternative malaria RDT like PfPLDH RDT to support control and elimination of malaria in Ethiopia

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Alemayehu¹,

López²,

Dieng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This characteristic makes RDTs more suitable for childhood malaria detection in high transmission areas. Another research conducted by Li calculated the accuracy of HRP2 based RDTs [15]. Comparatively, it had lower sensitivity (0.94 vs 0.96, respectively) but higher specificity (0.91 vs 0.86, respectively) in children than in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The validity of RDTs has been approved in recently published systematic reviews [9,12,15], but all of them do not have restrictions on the age of the target population. The validity of RDTs in childhood malaria diagnosis has its own characteristics and may be different from adults.…”

Section: Viewpoints Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

High value of rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose malaria within children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhu

Ling

Shang

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Health

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High value of rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose malaria within children: A systematic review and meta-analysis Background Children aged under five years accounted for 61% of all malaria deaths worldwide in 2017, and quicker differential diagnosis of malaria fever is vital for them. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are strips to detect Plasmodium-specific antigens promptly and are helpful in resource-limited areas. Thus, our aim is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs for malaria in children against the gold standard. Methods MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Sinomed databases were systematically searched on August 23, 2019. Studies that compared RDTs with microscopy or polymerase chain reaction in malaria diagnoses for children were eligible. Relevant data were extracted. The quality of studies was evaluated using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies instrument. Meta-analyses were carried out to calculate the pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals of sensitivity and specificity. Results 51 articles were included. For diagnostic accuracy, the pooled estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of RDTs were 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 0.95) and 0.93 (95% CI = 0.90, 0.96) respectively. Studies were highly heterogeneous, and subgroup analyses showed that the application of RDTs in high malaria transmission areas had higher sensitivity but lower specificity than those in low-to-moderate areas. Conclusions RDTs have high accuracy for malaria diagnosis in children, and this characteristic is more prominent in high transmission areas. As they also have the advantages of rapid-detection, are easy-to-use, and can be cost-effective, it is recommended that the wider usage of RDTs should be promoted, especially in resource-limited areas. Further research is required to assess their performance in WHO SouthEast Asia and Americas Region. Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article contains supplementary material.

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“…Immunochromatographic tests have become popular for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of malaria [13,22]. Commonly called a 'rapid diagnostic test' (RDT), it is based on a lateral flow immunoassay technique integrated into a cassette for single-step, cost-effective, simple and fast detection of parasite specific biomarkers.…”

Section: Parasite Development In Humans Biomarkers and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis

Krampa

Aniweh

Kanyong

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The impact of malaria on global health has continually prompted the need to develop more effective diagnostic strategies that could overcome deficiencies in accurate and early detection. In this review, we examine the various biosensor-based methods for malaria diagnostic biomarkers, namely; Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and the biocrystal hemozoin. The models that demonstrate a potential for field application have been discussed, looking at the fabrication and analytical performance characteristics, including (but not exclusively limited to): response time, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, and storage stability, which are first summarized in a tabular form and then described in detail. The conclusion summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies applied in the field, the current challenges and the emerging prospects for malaria biosensors.Sensors 2020, 20, 799 2 of 21 emergence and spread of drug resistance. It could also reduce the pool of individuals who can contribute to malaria transmission [5].To date, many technologies have attempted to circumvent the challenges in malaria diagnostics with technologies that address point-of-care needs and early stage asymptomatic detection. In this review, we first comprehensively summarize the biomarkers targeted during the course of malaria with emphasis on the importance of sensitive early detection. Next, we provide an overview of the recent advances in biosensor technologies for the detection of the most targeted biomarkers, focusing on: development, analytical performances, and suitability for point of care testing. The prevailing challenges and future outlook of the use of these technologies in the field are also highlighted. Parasite Development in Humans, Biomarkers, and DiagnosisThe developmental cycle of Plasmodium species that infect humans is briefly illustrated in Figure 1 [6]. The cycle begins with the injection of sporozoites into the host's circulation by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The sporozoites then target and enter hepatocytes where they multiply and differentiate into merozoites. This stage of the parasite life cycle is known as pre-erythrocytic. In infections involving P. vivax and P. ovale, dormant forms of the liver stage, called hypnozoites may persist in the liver [7] and cause relapse of the infection, thereby making it difficult to eradicate. The pre-erythrocytic stage is essential in the establishment of malaria infection. This stage is asymptomatic, however, it is difficult for diagnostic tools to detect sporozoites because hepatocytes invasion occurs within 30-45 min after sporozoites are inoculated by the infected mosquito [8,9]. This short time and low numbers of sporozoites injected leaves little time for their detection. Some efforts in finding biomarkers for detection of early liver stage or the dormant form have identified the Plasmodium liver-specific protein 2 (LISP2) [10,11]. The sporozoite surface circum...

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Performance of pfHRP2 versus pLDH antigen rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

High value of rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose malaria within children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis

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