Performance of Normal Children on the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to collect and examine descriptive data on the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (P-CTSIB) for children ages 6 to 9 years. To guide decisions regarding grouping of data, hypotheses were tested concerning differences among means for duration of stance for gender and for age. Because results were inconclusive, descriptive data for duration of stance and degrees of sway for each of the six P-CTSIB Feet-Together tests and each of the six P-CTSIB Heel-Toe tests are reported by gender and age category. Recommendations are made for clinical use of this test, and directions for future research are identified.

The influence of ambient lighting levels on postural sway in healthy children

“…Similar to earlier reports on postural sway with eyes closed [4][5][6][9][10][11] our findings highlight the importance of the visual system in the maintenance of postural stability in steady stance in children. Previous studies on the effects of ambient lighting on postural sway with eyes open have suggested reduced efficiency of the visual system under reduced lighting conditions in older adults [5,[14][15][16].…”

“…Multiple factors are related to postural stability and may include muscular strength, proprioception, reaction time and the integrity of the tactile, vestibular and visual systems [1,6,7]. Studies by Shumway-Cook and Horak [8] together with Deitz et al [9] have shown less sway and variability in performance with age under conditions of sensory conflict [9]. There is also preliminary evidence that children and adults sway more when their eyes are closed compared with eyes open [4,5,11,12].…”

Balance ability of 7 and 10 year old children in the population: Results from a large UK birth cohort study

“…Previous studies which have described balance function in children have claimed to provide normative data in that they have selected children for their normal prenatal, birth and medical history (and therefore without features which might increase their risk of balance problems) [5,14,15]. However, such studies are not normative in the sense of describing 'what is usual' [22].…”

“…A variety of different methods have been used ranging from simple tests such as single-leg stance and standing on foam [2][3][4], to standardised tests such as the Paediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance [5] or the balance subtest of the BruininksOseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency [6][7][8][9]. Force-platforms and Computerised Dynamic Posturography (CDP) have also been used to assess both static and dynamic balance [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Muscle Force and Range of Motion as Predictors of Standing Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy

“…The Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interactions for Balance (P-CTSIB) Deitz et al, 1991;Richardson et al, 1992;Westcott et al, 1994) was developed based on the work of Horak and Shumway-Cook (1986) who originally developed a clinical test to replicate the information obtained through computerized posturography using equipment assembled easily by a clinician. The P-CTSIB uses high-density foam to provide inaccurate somatosensory information and a visual conflict dome to provide inaccurate visual information.…”