Performance of Liquids from Slow Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization in Plant Protection

Hagner, Marleena; Tiilikkala, Kari; Lindqvist, Isa; Niemelä, Klaus; Wikberg, Hanne; Källi, Anssi; Rasa, Kimmo

doi:10.1007/s12649-018-00545-1

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As we predicted, the efficiency of PLM on weeds increased with increasing PL concentration and the results from the glasshouse, onion field and city park environments were consistent with each other. Hagner et al (2018) recently monitored the effectiveness of various slow pyrolysis liquids (pine, forest residues, wheat, willow) against snails, weeds and aphids and suggested that acids, and in particular the acetic acid, were the main reason for the observed pesticidal effects. In addition to the acetic acid, which has long been applied in plant protection as a herbicide (EPA, 2017; EU, 2017), other PL compounds such as furfural, formic acid, valeric acid, propanoic acid and some phenols were also reported to be effective in pest and weed control (Yatagai et al , 2002; Hensley and Burger, 2006; Hagner et al , 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hagner et al (2018) recently monitored the effectiveness of various slow pyrolysis liquids (pine, forest residues, wheat, willow) against snails, weeds and aphids and suggested that acids, and in particular the acetic acid, were the main reason for the observed pesticidal effects. In addition to the acetic acid, which has long been applied in plant protection as a herbicide (EPA, 2017; EU, 2017), other PL compounds such as furfural, formic acid, valeric acid, propanoic acid and some phenols were also reported to be effective in pest and weed control (Yatagai et al , 2002; Hensley and Burger, 2006; Hagner et al , 2018). Hence, although the solid cover formed by the sticky PL and peat fibres likely suppressed weed growth by acting as a mechanical obstacle in our study, the weed‐inhibiting effect of PLM was most likely also based on the PL compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall feasibility, environmental sustainability and industrial usability of thermochemical conversion technologies, like slow pyrolysis, depend on whether all produced fractions can be realistically utilised. Currently, liquid and gaseous products are either partly or fully utilised as energy sources at the production site, but fractionating the liquids into specific compounds (Rasrendra et al, 2011; Žilnik & Jazbinšek, 2012) and using them as pesticides (Hagner et al , 2018) or for animal slurry acidification (Keskinen et al, 2018) have been suggested. The chemical composition of PLs can vary significantly depending on the feedstock material and production conditions and their effectiveness in weed management might therefore differ significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One promising material for residue‐free weed control is the pyrolysis liquids (Hagner, 2013; Hagner et al , 2018). Pyrolysis liquids are by‐products of slow pyrolysis, where various biomass materials can be converted at elevated temperature sand in an oxygen‐poor atmosphere into fuel gases, chemicals and carbon‐rich products (Fagernäs et al , 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After drying, the mixture of pyrolysis liquids and fibres forms a biodegradable cover that is impenetrable to weeds, but permeable to moisture. Earlier studies have shown that pyrolysis liquids can be used as nail repellent (Lindqvist et al , 2010; Tiilikkala et al , 2011; Hagner et al , 2018) and as a pesticide against insects, bacteria and fungi (Ibrahim et al , 2013; Hossain et al , 2015), but the efficiency of pyrolysis liquid mulch (PLM) in weed control has not been examined even though the mulching technology was recently patented (Finnish patent no. FI127775 [B], international application WO2018108681 [A1]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of a novel biodegradable pyrolysis liquid‐amended mulch in weed control

et al. 2020

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Agrochemicals and plastics represent a burden on natural ecosystems and there is an urgent need to introduce alternative plant protection measures that have fewer negative impacts on the environment. Replacement of plastic mulches and synthetic pesticides with their biodegradable alternatives offers a way to decrease chemical residues. Pyrolysis liquids (PL) have been suggested as easily degradable and residuefree herbicides for agriculture. We tested the efficiency of PL (1%-10% of volume) containing peat mulch (PLM) in weed control under glasshouse and field conditions. We also estimated the length of the withdrawal period needed between PLM spreading and sowing/planting for crops and examined the light permeability and effects of PLM on soil temperature. In the glasshouse, the mulch amended with 5%-10% PL inhibited weed germination entirely. In the agricultural field, the number of weeds remained 44%-60% lower under PLM than under the control mulch. In a study performed in a city park, weed cover around the base of trees remained 64%-85% lower under PLM than without a mulch. However, a 7-21 d withdrawal period, depending on crop plant species, is needed to avoid injuring the crops. PLM inhibited sunlight effectively and the effects on soil heat sum across the growing season remained small.The weed-inhibiting effect of PLM is probably a result of both the PL compounds and the solid cover, formed by the sticky PL and peat fibres, which acts as a mechanical barrier. We conclude that the PLM is a promising alternative to plastic mulches. K E Y W O R D Spyrolysis acid, wood vinegar, slow pyrolysis, mulching, weed management | 183 HAGNER Et Al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%