Performance evaluation of a multiscale modelling system applied to particulate matter dispersion in a real traffic hot spot in Madrid (Spain)

Santiago, José Luis; Sánchez, Beatríz; Quaassdorff, Christina Violetta; Paz, David de la; Martilli, Alberto; Martín, Fernando López; Borge, Rafael; Rivas, Esther; Gómez-Moreno, F.J.; Díaz, Elías; Artı́ñano, Begoña; Yagüe, Carlos; Vardoulakis, Sotiris

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2019.10.001

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…STAR-CCM+, one of the most commonly used commercial CFD softwares, was selected for the street-level simulation. Previous studies had found an excellent correlation be-tween STAR-CCM+ simulated and measured values in simulating environmental and meteorological problems at street level (Borge et al, 2018;Santiago et al, 2020;Santiago et al, 2017). The model has functions such as geometric modelling, model pre-processing, the calculation execution, and post-processing of results.…”

Section: Star-ccm+ Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)

et al. 2022

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Abstract. A multi-model simulation system for street-level circulation and pollutant tracking (S-TRACK) has been developed by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), the STAR-CCM+ (computational fluid dynamics model – CFD), and the Flexible Particle (FLEXPART) models. The winter wind environmental characteristics and the potential contribution of traffic sources to nearby receptor sites in a city district of China are analysed with the system for January 2019. It is found that complex building layouts change the structure of the wind field and thus have an impact on the transport of pollutants. The wind speed inside the building block is lower than the background wind speed due to the dragging effect of dense buildings. Ventilation is better when the dominant airflow is in the same direction as the building layout. Influenced by the building layout, the local circulations show that the windward side of the building is mostly the divergence zone, and the leeward side is mostly the convergence zone, which is more obvious for high buildings. With the hypothesis that the traffic sources are uniformly distributed on each road and with identical traffic intensity, the potential contribution ratios (PCRs) of four traffic sources to certain specific sites under the influence of the street-level circulations are estimated with the method of residence time analysis. It is found that the contribution ratio varies with the height of the receptor site. As a result of the generally upward motion in the airflow, the position with the greatest PCR from the four road traffic sources is located at a certain height which is commonly influenced by the distance of this location from the traffic source and the background wind field (about 15 m in this study). The potential contribution of a road to one of the receptor sites is also investigated under different wind directions. The established system and the results can be used to understand the characteristics of urban wind environment and to help the air pollution control planning in urban areas.

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Section: Star-ccm+ Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)

et al. 2022

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“…Another issue is the uncertainty in the set-up information (e.g., the urban morphology and inlet conditions) and their influence on the CFD results (García- Sanchez et al 2014;Santiago et al 2020). 4) The governing equations of mesoscale and fluid dynamics models, including large-eddy simulations (LES), are similar but with very different types of assumption and thus different model coefficients.…”

Section: Counter Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BUILD SIMUL (2021) 14: 407-419 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-020-0689-z energy exchange between urban surfaces and the atmosphere is considered by assuming simple street canyons; see, for example, the Building Energy Parameterization Scheme (BEP) proposed by Martilli et al (2002) and the BEP combined with the Building Energy Model (BEM) proposed by Salamanca et al (2010), which are both included in WRF. This configuration is usually employed to simulate urban environments (e.g., Salamanca et al 2011Salamanca et al , 2012Gutiérrez et al 2015) and has been coupled, in some cases, to CFD simulations (Sanchez et al 2017;Borge et al 2018;Santiago et al 2020). There is a fundamental difference between these two approaches:  Single layer UCPs need to represent the integral effect of all the buildings and translate it into a surface flux applied at the displacement height (the lowest level of the mesoscale model).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modelling: The most useful tool for developing mesoscale urban canopy parameterizations

2020

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“…The spatial distribution of concentrations is very heterogeneous as a consequence of the complex air flows in the street due to the interaction between the atmosphere and urban obstacles. Strong gradients of pollutant concentrations have been found in field experiments [5][6][7] and in model studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. This also means that the spatial representativeness of urban air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) is very limited [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-resolution modelling is, therefore, necessary to capture the spatial variability of air pollutant concentrations and estimating population exposure appropriately. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models are adequate tools for this because they have a spatial resolution high enough to capture such variability and, in fact, have been successfully applied to simulate pollutant dispersion in real urban environments [11,14,16,[21][22][23][24][25]. The main limitation of these models is the high computational cost required that limits the size of the domain, and, in most of cases, makes it unfeasible to carry out unsteady simulations of long time periods (e.g., months, a year).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Spatial Resolution Assessment of the Effect of the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme on Street-Level NO2 Concentrations in Three Neighborhoods of Madrid (Spain) Using Mesoscale and CFD Modelling

et al. 2022

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Current European legislation aims to reduce the air pollutants emitted by European countries in the coming years. In this context, this article studies the effects on air quality of the measures considered for 2030 in the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP). Three different emission scenarios are investigated: a scenario with the emissions in 2016 and two other scenarios, one with existing measures in the current legislation (WEM2030) and another one considering the additional measures of NAPCP (WAM2030). Previous studies have addressed this issue at a national level, but this study assesses the impact at the street scale in three neighborhoods in Madrid, Spain. NO2 concentrations are modelled at high spatial resolution by means of a methodology based on Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations driven by mesoscale meteorological and air quality modelling. Spatial averages of annual mean NO2 concentrations are only estimated to be below 40 µg/m3 in all three neighborhoods for the WAM2030 emission scenarios. However, for two of the three neighborhoods, there are still zones (4–12% of the study areas) where the annual concentration is higher than 40 µg/m3. This highlights the importance of considering microscale simulations to assess the impacts of emission reduction measures on urban air quality.

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Performance evaluation of a multiscale modelling system applied to particulate matter dispersion in a real traffic hot spot in Madrid (Spain)

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)

Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)

CFD modelling: The most useful tool for developing mesoscale urban canopy parameterizations

High Spatial Resolution Assessment of the Effect of the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme on Street-Level NO2 Concentrations in Three Neighborhoods of Madrid (Spain) Using Mesoscale and CFD Modelling

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