Performance‐enhancing drugs and the Olympics

Watson, C. James; Stone, Genevra L.; Overbeek, Daniel L.; Chiba, Takuyo; Burns, Michele M.

doi:10.1111/joim.13431

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…The use of performance-enhancing drugs has progressively increased recently. These drugs are constantly under review by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) [ 52 ]. Side effects are many and depend on the type of substance, the amount and the duration of use, leading in some cases to tragic consequences, including SCD [ 53 ].…”

Section: Causes Of Sudden Cardiac Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies

Lalario

Merro

Sinagra

et al. 2023

JCDD

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The benefits of exercise for cardiovascular and general health are many. However, sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur in apparently healthy athletes who perform at the highest levels. A diverse spectrum of diseases is implicated in SCD in athletes, and while atherosclerotic coronary artery disease predominates in individuals of >35 years of age, primary cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies are prevalent in young individuals. Prevention of SCD in athletes relies on the implementation of health policies aimed at the early identification of arrhythmogenic diseases (such as cardiac screening) and successful resuscitation (such as widespread utilization of automatic external defibrillators and training members of the public on cardiopulmonary resuscitation). This review will focus on the epidemiology and aetiologies of SCD in athletes, and examine fallacies in the approach to this controversial field. Furthermore, potential strategies to prevent these tragic events will be discussed, analysing current practice, gaps in knowledge and future directions.

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Section: Causes Of Sudden Cardiac Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies

Lalario

Merro

Sinagra

et al. 2023

JCDD

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“…It is also known as performance-enhancing medications and is used to enhance sports ability. 2 It can have negative and long-lasting side properties, including cancer, infertility, sudden death, high blood pressure, nosebleeds, heart attacks, psychosis, sinusitis, and tremors 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensor Development in Sports Doping With Dexamethasone

Purnama

Doewes

Elumalai

et al. 2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Dexamethasone is a type of drug that is considered a steroid. It belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. Objective: Develop an electrochemical sensor of dexamethasone in a pharmaceutical sample using electrodes modified with nanostructures of MnO2 and reduced graphene oxide (MnO2/rGO). The glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) used to make the GO nanostructures were first modified using a modified Hummers technique before electrochemically reduced. Methods: MnO2 nanomaterials were electrochemically deposited on rGO/GCE. SEM structural investigation indicated vertical tetragonal crystal development of -MnO2 nanostructures in sprayed rGO nanostructures. Results: Because of the high composite surface area, multiple exposed active sites, and the synergistic effect of MnO2 and rGO, the electrocatalytic reaction to dexamethasone of MnO2/rGO/CPE was shown to be broad, selective, stable, and sensitive in electrochemical tests using amperometry. It was established that the linear range, sensitivities, and detection limit of the sensor are 0 to 260 µM, 4.6153µA/µM and 0.005 µM, respectively. The MnO2/rGO/CPE was tested for accuracy and applicability in determining dexamethasone in pharmacological and human urine samples. Conclusion: The results revealed that the sensor could prepare acceptable recovery (96.34%) and RSD (3.58%), suggesting that it could be used as a reliable dexamethasone sensor in clinical samples. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment outcomes.

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“…The World Anti‐Doping Agency's (WADA) 2022 Prohibited List exhibits, identical to 2021, 11 classes of banned substances (S0–S9 plus P1) and three categories of prohibited methods (M1–M3) 16 (Table 1), and pathophysiologies and toxicities associated with permitted but also prohibited drugs 17,18 and routes of nutrition 19 were recently revisited. Also, the question as to whether thyroid hormone use in sport without therapeutic indication should be banned 20,21 and, if so, how this ban could be analytically enforced, 22,23 was discussed extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Also in 2021/2022, considerable efforts were invested into advancing human sports drug testing programs, recognizing and taking into account existing as well as emerging challenges in anti-doping, especially with regard to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti-Doping Agency's 2022 Prohibited List. In this edition of the annual banned-substance review, literature on recent developments published between October 2021 and September 2022 is summarized and discussed.Focus is put particularly on enhanced analytical approaches and complementary testing options in human doping controls, appreciating the exigence and mission in anti-doping and, equally, the contemporary "new normal" considering, for example, the athlete's exposome versus analytical sensitivity and applicable anti-doping regulations for result interpretation and management.

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Performance‐enhancing drugs and the Olympics

Cited by 7 publications

References 79 publications

Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies

Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies

Biosensor Development in Sports Doping With Dexamethasone

Annual banned‐substance review—Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022–

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