Performance enhancement of fire retardant finish with environment friendly bio cross-linker for cotton

Influence of crosslinking agent on the effectiveness of flame retardant treatment for cotton fabric

“…One of the most commercially successful agents is N-methylol dimethylphosphonpropionamide, known under the trade name of Pyrovatex CP New (PR). Some studies have shown the effect of PR on flame retardancy for cotton fabrics [8][9][10][11][12]. One important task is to create a covalent bond between the PR and the fabric to ensure the durable flame-retardant cotton fabric.…”

“…Another drawback is the significant mechanical strength loss of the treated fabric due to curing at a high temperature and in the highly acidic condition of pH 1-2 with the presence of phosphoric acid [11]. For this reason, some studies [8][9][10], tried to use polycarboxylic acids instead of melamine resin particularly, the 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA) have attracted significant research interest as formaldehyde-free finishing agents. These acids can form an ester cross-link structure with cellulose.…”

“…Carboxylic acids can esterify cotton fibers in the presence of sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst [13]. However, there was also the mechanical strength loss of treated fabric, that was due to the high temperatures and high acidic condition of curing although this loss was less than the use of phosphoric acid [10]. For the aforementioned reasons, DHEU (dihydroxy ethylene urea) and its modified compounds are used as crosslinking agent in finishing for cotton.…”

“…Scheme 1: Crosslinking mechanism of CA with Pyrovatex CP New and cellulose [10] Scheme 2: Crosslinking mechanism of DHEU with Pyrovatex CP New and cellulose [18] 17.8% and 17.28% for FS1 and FS2 respectively, indicating the excellent bonding between PR and cellulose structure in the presence of CA crosslinking. This phenomenon might occur because CA has 3 -COOH groups for linkage while Knittex FFRC (DHEU) has only 2 -OH groups as said on.…”

Effect of PVDC on the Fire Performance of Ultra-Low Density Fiberboards (ULDFs)

“…These hydroxides release water vapor to remove heat close to flames and reduce the formation of combustible gases. To inhibit the combustion of cotton fabrics, halogenated and formaldehyde-based flame retardants have been extensively applied to cotton textiles in the past decades (Mohsin et al 2013;Xie et al 2013;Schramm et al 2014;Dong et al 2015). Water glass, Al-Si compounds, and chlorinated paraffin-70 (CP) are added during the manufacture of ULDFs to improve their fire performance Chen et al 2015bChen et al , 2016b.…”