Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Ferric and Aluminum Hydrous                    Metal Oxide Coating on Filter Media to Enhance Virus Removal

Scott, Thomas; Sabo, Rania; Lukasik, J; Boice, C.; Shaw, K.; Barroso-Giachetti, L.; El‐Shall, H.; Farrah, Samuel R.; Park, C.; Moudgil, Brij M.; Koopman, Ben

doi:10.14356/kona.2002018

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…No log reduction was observed for MS2 bacteriophages, which is consistent with previous studies that reported no reduction [47] or low reduction [51][52][53] of viruses and bacteriophages using granular activated carbon filters. Many studies suggested that the deposition of microbial particles, such as viruses, is inconsistent with the classical colloid filtration theory (CFT) due to the presence of Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) repulsive interactions [54][55][56], causing different colloidal behaviour and unfavourable conditions for deposition, as the case herein.…”

Section: Reduction Of Pathogen Surrogatessupporting

confidence: 91%

Viability of a Single-Stage Unsaturated-Saturated Granular Activated Carbon Biofilter for Greywater Treatment

et al. 2020

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Compared with conventionally collected sewage, source-diverted greywater has a higher potential for on-site treatment and reuse due to its lower contaminant levels and large volume. A new design of granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilters was developed by incorporating unsaturated and saturated zones in a single stage to introduce an efficient, passive, and easy-to-operate technology for greywater on-site treatment at the household scale. The design was customized for its intended application considering various aspects including the reactor’s configuration, packing media, and feeding strategy. With the highest hydraulic and organic loadings of 1.2 m3 m−2 d−1 and 3.5 kg COD m−2 d−1, respectively, and the shortest retention time of 2.4 h, the system maintained an average total chemical oxygen demand removal rate of 94% with almost complete removal of nutrients throughout its 253 days of operation. The system showed a range of reduction efficacy towards five surrogates representing viruses, bacteria, and Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts. A well-functioning biofilm was successfully developed, and its mass and activity increased over time with the highest values observed at the top layers. The key microbes within the biofilter were revealed. Feasibility of the proposed technology was investigated, and implications for design and operation were discussed.

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Section: Reduction Of Pathogen Surrogatessupporting

confidence: 91%

Viability of a Single-Stage Unsaturated-Saturated Granular Activated Carbon Biofilter for Greywater Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…38 Further testing is necessary to determine the level, if any, of such removal, as well as the extent to which chemical coatings or other enhancements to the filter media could result in sufficient virus removal or deactivation to protect communities from waterborne viral pathogens. 39 The results from this trial suggest that household-based ceramic gravity water filters may be an effective intervention in improving microbial water quality and reducing diarrheal disease among a susceptible population. In this respect, ceramic filtration may be another useful tool in helping the most vulnerable populations secure the health benefits of safe drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Reducing Diarrhea Through the Use of Household-Based Ceramic Water Filters: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Rural Bolivia

Clasen¹,

Brown²,

Collin³

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

141

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Ceramic water filters have been identified as one of the most promising and accessible technologies for treating water at the household level. In a six-month trial, water filters were distributed randomly to half of the 50 participating households in a rural community in Bolivia; the remaining households continued to use customary water handling practices and served as controls. In four rounds of sampling following distribution of the filters, 100% of the 96 water samples from the filter households were free of thermotolerant coliforms compared with 15.5% of the control household samples. Diarrheal disease risk for individuals in intervention households was 70% lower than for controls (95% confidence interval [CI] = 53-80%; P < 0.001). For children less than five years old, the reduction in risk was 83% (95% CI = 51-94%; P < 0.001). These results show that affordable ceramic water filters enable low-income households to treat and maintain the microbiologic quality of their drinking water.

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“…The internal walls of the columns were brushed to render them rough using sandpaper to reduce risk of short circuiting. The filter media were packed into columns in accordance with the method previously described (Scott et al, 2002). Specifically, the filter media was wetted with 10% deionised water (to avoid re-suspension) and added incrementally (every 50 mm) through the top of the columns.…”

Section: Laboratory Column Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surrogates for herbicide removal in stormwater biofilters

et al. 2015

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Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Ferric and Aluminum Hydrous Metal Oxide Coating on Filter Media to Enhance Virus Removal

Abstract: Coating sand and granular activated carbon with iron aluminum hydroxides changed the zeta potential of these filtration media from negative to positive at pH 6-9, while also significantly improving removal of viruses (MS2, PRD1, Polio1

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Viability of a Single-Stage Unsaturated-Saturated Granular Activated Carbon Biofilter for Greywater Treatment

Viability of a Single-Stage Unsaturated-Saturated Granular Activated Carbon Biofilter for Greywater Treatment

Reducing Diarrhea Through the Use of Household-Based Ceramic Water Filters: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Rural Bolivia

Surrogates for herbicide removal in stormwater biofilters

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