Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.15.7 CSMA/CA algorithm based on Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC)

Musa, Anuar; Baba, Mohd Dani; Mansor, Haji Mohd Asri Haji

doi:10.1109/micc.2013.6805859

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that though MAC enabling frame retransmissions is already specified in the IEEE 802.15.7 standard, it was often omitted in previous studies [10]- [17] due to the assumption of no PHY transmission errors. To do so, we propose a three-dimensional (3-D) Markov chain model for analyzing the MAC performance, which extends previous analytical models of IEEE 802.15.7 MAC, e.g., 1-D Markov chain [13] and 2-D Markov chain [14], by (i) adding a dimension for retransmission states and (ii) taking into account PHY transmission errors in state transitions.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model is also used to study the performance of a representative device that operates in the VLAN. In comparison with previous analytical models of IEEE 802.15.7 MAC, e.g., 1-D Markov chain [13] and 2-D Markov chain [14], the 3-D Markov chain model has a new dimension for frame-retransmission states. First, we denote bs(t), bc(t) and r c(t) as the stochastic processes representing the backoff state, the backoff-counter state and the retransmission-counter state at time t, respectively.…”

Section: Mac Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A PHY/MAC Cross-Layer Analysis for IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Visible Local Area Network

Dang

Vuong

2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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Supported by IEEE 802.15.7 standardization activities, visible local area network (VLAN) has been gaining popularity in recent years. Specified in the standard are physical (PHY) and uplink medium access control (MAC) layers of VLAN. However, there is a lack of studies on the MAC performance analysis and improvement under the effects of PHY transmission errors in the literature. We thoroughly analyze the MAC for various performance metrics taking into account PHY transmission errors due to different VLC physical factors. We also consider MAC enabling frame retransmissions as a solution to PHY transmission errors. Numerical results show that, first, MAC performance is critically affected by PHY transmission errors and, second, frame retransmissions, with a proper setup, could considerably improve the performance.

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Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mac Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A PHY/MAC Cross-Layer Analysis for IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Visible Local Area Network

Dang

Vuong

2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…Evaluating the effects of the ICS on the performance of IEEE 802.15.7 CSMA-CA is a challenge as ICS results from the interaction amongst several stochastic processes; specifically, the stochastic processes that generate packets, manage durations between two consecutive CSMA-CA channel assessments and outline the directivity of light beams. Several works have been devoted to overcoming this challenge by employing one or more simplification assumptions, such as a transmitter that can see all ongoing transmissions from other nodes [18][19][20][21][22], or when the traffic generated by a node is set in accordance with the channel status, as proposed in [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSAM: Modular Statistical Analytical Model for MAC and Queuing Latency of VLC Networks under ICS Conditions

Baz

2021

Electronics

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) offers distinctive advantages over conventional radio frequency; wide unlicensed spectrum, resistance to electrometric interference and low susceptibility to security risks, are few to name. Excitingly, VLC becomes a cornerstone in several communication systems such as light fidelity, optical camera communication and the Internet of Radio Light. Most of these networks adopt the Carrier Sensing Multiple Access-Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) of IEEE 802.15.7, the official standard for the VLC, as a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. Motivated by the crucial roles of MAC in shaping the performance of the VLC and the wide variety of operational conditions demanded by the enormous applications, this paper proposes a Modular Statistical Analytical Model (MSAM). The fundamental approach of MSAM is to segregate the interacting stochastic processes imposed by the CSMA-CA protocol into a set of its elementary subprocesses. The MSAM then synthesises these processes in such a way that quantifies their mutual dependency without making a strict assumption on their characteristics; thus, different operational conditions can be assessed without a need to reconstruct the model. Besides, MSAM employs the radiometry and photometry of VLC to derive mathematical expressions describing the hidden and exposed nodes from which the Imperfect Carrier Sensing (ICS) conditions are defined. The MSAM exploits statistical and queuing theorems to model a VLC as a network of G/G/1 queues from which several probability distributions, characterising the operations of VLC from different perspectives, are derived. Inter-departure, queuing, service time and successful service time are the main distributions in conjunction with throughput, total delay, probability of exposed and hidden node collisions, which are the main outputs of MSAM. Validation for the integrity of the MSAM under different scenarios is carried out by conducting a head-to-head comparison between its results and simulation outcomes.

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“…Several research papers have been published to evaluate the IEEE 802.15.7 uplink (from user terminals to data/lightning infrastructure) performance based on CSMA/CA. Papers [ 11 , 12 ] presented analytical and simulation models to analyze uplink performance, but their authors stated explicitly that there are not hidden nodes in their proposed models. In [ 13 ], the performance of transmissions using a simulation model is discussed, although the authors do not specify the physical channel model used, and they do not indicate if they take into account the presence of hidden nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effects of Hidden Node Problems in IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Performance

Ley-Bosch

Alonso-González

Sánchez-Rodríguez

et al. 2016

Sensors

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In the last few years, the increasing use of LEDs in illumination systems has been conducted due to the emergence of Visible Light Communication (VLC) technologies, in which data communication is performed by transmitting through the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. In 2011, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) published the IEEE 802.15.7 standard for Wireless Personal Area Networks based on VLC. Due to limitations in the coverage of the transmitted signal, wireless networks can suffer from the hidden node problems, when there are nodes in the network whose transmissions are not detected by other nodes. This problem can cause an important degradation in communications when they are made by means of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) access control method, which is used in IEEE 802.15.7 This research work evaluates the effects of the hidden node problem in the performance of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard We implement a simulator and analyze VLC performance in terms of parameters like end-to-end goodput and message loss rate. As part of this research work, a solution to the hidden node problem is proposed, based on the use of idle patterns defined in the standard. Idle patterns are sent by the network coordinator node to communicate to the other nodes that there is an ongoing transmission. The validity of the proposed solution is demonstrated with simulation results.

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Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.15.7 CSMA/CA algorithm based on Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC)

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

A PHY/MAC Cross-Layer Analysis for IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Visible Local Area Network

A PHY/MAC Cross-Layer Analysis for IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Visible Local Area Network

MSAM: Modular Statistical Analytical Model for MAC and Queuing Latency of VLC Networks under ICS Conditions

Evaluation of the Effects of Hidden Node Problems in IEEE 802.15.7 Uplink Performance

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