Perfil audiológico em policiais militares do Estado de São Paulo

Abstract

RESUMO Introdução:Os policiais militares constituem uma população exposta a ruído de impacto devido aos treinamentos com armas de fogo. Objetivo:Pesquisar o perfil audiológico em policiais militares do estado de São Paulo, e correlacionar à idade e o tempo de exposição com os achados audiológicos. Método:Neste estudo de série de casos, transversal, foi realizada avaliação audiológica em 200 policiais militares sendo 169 (84,5%) do gênero masculino e 31 (15,5%) do feminino, com idades entre 25 e 45 anos (média de 38,83±5,05), com média de tempo de serviço de 16,80±6,27 anos. Resultados:As principais queixas apontadas foram: zumbido (n= 52 / 26%), disacusia (n=36 / 18%), plenitude auricular (n=24 / 12%) e autofonia (n=24 / 12%). Na imitanciometria foram encontradas 100% de curvas tipo A (JERGER, 1970), e houve presença de recrutamento em 20 (10%) casos. Segundo os resultados da audiometria tonal, os dados obtidos demonstraram que 54 (27%) orelhas direita e 56 (28%) orelhas esquerda apresentaram perda auditiva. Os graus de perda com maior ocorrência foram 1 e 2 (MERLUZZI et al., 1979), com 85 (42,5%) casos. Houve correlação significativa entre a idade e o tempo de exposição com a piora dos limiares audiométricos em ambas as orelhas. Conclusão:A partir da análise dos dados audiológicos foi possível verificar que os policiais militares são uma população que apresenta risco para desenvolver a perda auditiva. Sendo assim, vemos a necessidade de implementação de programa de conservação auditiva para os policiais militares. Palavras-chave: polícia, ruído ocupacional, perda auditiva. SUMMARY Introduction:The military police are a population exposed to noise impact due to training with firearms. Objective:To investigate the audiological profile of the military police in São Paulo state, and to correlate the age and duration of exposure and audiological findings. Method:In this study of case series, cross-sectional audiological evaluation was performed in 200 police officers being 169 (84.5%) were male and 31 (15.5%) females, aged between 25 and 45 years (mean 38.83 ± 5.05), average service time of 16.80 ± 6.27 years. Results:The main complains were: tinnitus (n=52/26%), hearing loss (n=36/18%), ear fullness (n=24/12%) and autophonia (n=24/12%). Impedance were found in 100% of type A curves (JERGER, 1970), and recruitment was present in 20 (10%) cases. According to the results of audiometry, the data showed that 54 (27%) right ears and 56 (28%) left ears had hearing loss. The degree of loss with higher prevalence was 1 and 2 (MERLUZZI et al., 1979), 85 (42.5%) cases. There was significant correlation between age and exposure time with the worsening of audiometric thresholds in both ears. Conclusion:From the audiological data analysis was possible that the military police are a population that presents a risk to develop hearing loss. Thus, we see the need for implementation of hearing conservation program for the military police.

Audiological analysis in military police officers with exposure to occupational noise in motorized patrol activity

“…In addition to these identified symptoms, the police officers also claimed to have, in more isolated cases, hypertension, measles and mumps; these pathologies may contribute to the susceptibility of occurrence of hearing loss (Melo Junior, 2011). Similar results were found in other studies with military police officers (Silva et al, 2004;Mariani, Halpern & Aerts, 2005;Guida et al, 2010;Guida, Diniz & Kinoshita, 2011;Guida, Souza & Cardoso, 2012) in which the prevalence of headache cases and tinnitus are identified as initial symptoms of overexposure to noise. Melo Junior (2011) and Metidieri et al (2013) have pointed out that individual perception of noise effects decreases due to the occurrence of hearing loss; and they reinforce that the presence of tinnitus is one of the early symptoms of NIHL.…”

“…Therefore, the results emphasize the premise that there is a positive and significant correlation between the service time mainly in the frequencies of 3000Hz and 4000Hz. These findings resemble those ones presented in the study of many authors found in the literature (Santos, Junchem & Rossi, 2008;Lesage et al, 2009;Guida et al, 2010;Guida, Diniz & Kinoshita, 2010;Heupa, Gonçalves & Coifman, 2011;Guida, Sousa & Cardoso, 2012;Metidieri et al;Yankaskas, 2013), confirming the conclusion that changes in the HTs in these frequencies show the beginning of the NIHL frames.…”

“…The military policing activity characteristics lead to situations in which exposure to noise is unavoidable, impairing the health and quality of life of these professionals. The noises coming from the radio communicator, urban traffic, vehicles used in patrol, environmental noises and the siren, can add a greater risk to the auditory capacity of these professionals (Guida et al, 2010). These environmental conditions in various patrol sites bring harm to the health of the military police officers, and the sound of gunshots, risk source most studied in the literature, amplifies the magnitude of the consequences of their exposure, especially by hearing loss or acoustic trauma generated after contact with such a noise (Lima & Silva, 2014).…”

Relação entre as condições de trabalho e de voz autorreferidas por teleoperadores de uma central de emergência

“…Participants of the present research are predominantly men with mean age close to the end of vocal efficiency period and working time in the occupation greater than that found in the literature (11,14,18) . This fact is justified because all participants of this study were civil servants: firefighters, military or civil police officers -professions with higher prevalence of men (20) . As previously mentioned, all study participants worked in 12-hour daily shifts, interspersed with two days of continuous rest.…”

Efeitos do ruído de impacto na audição de militares

“…The most frequent hearing complaints (at acoustic rest) in our sample were tinnitus and listening difficulties. According to the literature, these complaints are more frequent in military personnel that engage in shooting training [19][20][21][22]25 . Although symptoms were similar in the exposed and non-exposed groups to impact noise, hearing protection devices are effective.…”