Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Soccer Players: A Test of the 2 × 2 Model of Dispositional Perfectionism

Hill, Andrew P.

doi:10.1123/jsep.35.1.18

Cited by 79 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…This is in line with previous cross-sectional research (e.g., Hill, 2013 striving for perfection and all T1 and T2 symptoms of burnout (except T1 exhaustion, which was only marginally significant), but found negative correlations between T1 negative reactions to imperfection and T1 reduced sense of accomplishment and T1 and T2 devaluation.…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics and Correlationssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The ABQ comprises three subscales capturing the key symptoms of athlete burnout: reduced sense of accomplishment (5 items; e.g., "I am not achieving much in my sport"), physical and emotional exhaustion (5 items; e.g., "I am exhausted by the mental and physical demands of my sport"), and devaluation (5 items; e.g., "I'm not into my sport like I used to be"). The subscales were combined to create a total score of athlete burnout (e.g., Hill, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Athletes: A Three-Month Longitudinal Study

Madigan

Stoeber

Passfield

2015

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Perfectionism in sports has been shown to be associated with burnout in athletes. Whether perfectionism predicts longitudinal changes in athlete burnout, however, is still unclear. Using a two-wave cross-lagged panel design, the present study examined perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and athlete burnout in 101 junior athletes (mean age 17.7 years) over 3 months of active training. When structural equation modeling was employed to test a series of competing models, the best-fitting model showed opposite patterns for perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Whereas perfectionistic concerns predicted increases in athlete burnout over the 3 months, perfectionistic strivings predicted decreases. The present findings suggest that perfectionistic concerns are a risk factor for junior athletes contributing to the development of athlete burnout whereas perfectionistic strivings appear to be a protective factor.

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Section: Descriptive Statistics and Correlationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Athletes: A Three-Month Longitudinal Study

Madigan

Stoeber

Passfield

2015

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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“…Eighteen studies (of 19 sport studies) included in the meta-analysis examined the relationship between perfectionism and burnout in youth athletes. Two of these studies examined the relationships between perfectionism and athlete burnout in youth soccer players and provided findings consistent with the wider research (Hill, Hall, Appleton, & Kozub, 2008;Hill, 2013). Overall, the findings of existing research suggest that PC, but not necessarily PS, is associated with burnout.…”

Section: Relationships Between Perfectionism Burnout and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Evidence to support the validity and reliability of this instrument has been provided by Cox et al (2002). The brief MPS has demonstrated adequate internal consistency in youth soccer players (e.g., Hill, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfectionism, Burnout, and Depression in Youth Soccer Players: A Longitudinal Study

Smith

Hill

Hall

2018

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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The relationship between perfectionism, burnout and depression among youth soccer players is of interest due to the stressful academy environments that must be navigated in order to become a professional soccer player. Three alternative theoretical models have been proposed to explain the relationship between perfectionism, burnout and depression. These models state that perfectionism is (a) a vulnerability factor for burnout and depression (vulnerability Researchers have recently begun to examine the negative experiences of junior athletes within in youth soccer academies. This is in part because youth soccer academies have the potential to be stressful. Boys can join development centres in soccer academies of professional clubs in the UK from 5 years old. They are formally registered to the club at the age of 9 and, thereafter, undergo an ongoing registration process where they are released on a yearly basis if they do not play to the requisite standard. The next key point in the process is the age of 16, when boys will need to secure a scholarship to continue at the academy. Again, thereafter, the selection process can continue up until the age of 23 when it must be decided whether they are to join the professional first team squad or be released (See Premier League:Elite Player Performance Plan, 2011). Of the minority of players that do secure a scholarship at the age of 16, approximately 98% are no longer playing by the age of 21 and, in total, it is estimated that less than 1% of youth players reach the professional ranks (Gernon, 2016;Green, 2009). For these reasons, the soccer academy environment is intense, fiercely competitive, and for some it can be experienced as unsupportive and marginalizing (Roderick, 2006).In the hope of better safeguarding junior athletes from the potential negative consequences of pursuing a career in soccer, the current study examined burnout and depressive symptoms among junior athletes attending youth soccer academies. It also examined how, in this context, burnout and depression might be related to perfectionism among junior athletes. We first define and describe athlete burnout, depressive symptoms, and perfectionism, as well as review research examining them in sport. We then discuss research that has examined the relationships between them and offer three alternative PERFECTIONISM, BURNOUT AND DEPRESSION 4 theoretical models that might explain their inter-relationships over time (vulnerability model, complication/scar model, and reciprocal relations model). Athlete BurnoutAthlete burnout is one possible outcome of competing within a soccer academy.Athlete burnout is characterised by three core symptoms: a reduced sense of accomplishment, physical and emotional exhaustion, and sport devaluation (Raedeke & Smith, 2001). A reduced sense of accomplishment is an athlete's perception of inadequate sporting abilities and achievement. Athletes come to believe that they are unable to reach their goals or are consistently performing below their capabilities, regardless of ...

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“…Ainda, o receio de não satisfazer expectativas estabelecidas por treinadores, familiares e amigos também pode gerar fonte de estresse adicional, especialmente se o jovem atribui ao esporte importante meio de realização pessoal 4 . Estudos têm mostrado que burnout em atletas jovens está relacionado à falta de prazer e motivação para prática de esporte 5 , à insatisfação com necessidades psicológicas básicas -autonomia, competência e relacionamento 6 , e ao perfeccionismo mal-adaptado, ou seja, autocrítica e preocupação exagerada com possíveis erros, insegurança e elevados padrões pessoais 7 . Portanto, monitorar eventuais alterações quanto à presença de burnout, proveniente de treinos e competições esportivas deve se constituir em tarefas das mais significativas no campo do esporte juvenil, contribuindo, dessa forma, para promoção da adesão e inibição do abandono da pratica de esporte em idades jovens.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Propriedades psicométricas do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire para uso em atletas jovens Brasileiros

Guedes

Sousa

2016

J Physical Edu

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RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi identificar propriedades psicométricas para atletas jovens brasileiros do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). O inventário foi administrado em amostra de 1217 atletas jovens (410 moças e 807 rapazes) com idades entre 12 e 17 anos. Para identificar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória e, na sequência, análise fatorial confirmatória. Para análise da consistência interna de cada fator associado ao burnout foi empregado coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados confirmaram estrutura de três fatores originalmente proposta (exaustão física/emocional, reduzido senso de realização pessoal e desvalorização esportiva), mediante indicadores estatísticos equivalentes à χ ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to identify the psychometric properties to the Brazilian young athletes of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). The inventory was administered in sample of 1217 young athletes (410 girls and 807 boys) aged 12 to 17 years-old. To identify initial psychometric properties exploratory factorial analysis were completed and, sequentially confirmatory factorial analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency of each factor of the ABQ associated to burnout. Results confirmed structure of three factors originally proposed (physical/emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation), through statistical indicators equivalent to χ 2 /gl = 2.89, CFI = 0.930, GFI = 0.928, AGFI = 0.937 e RMSR = 0.068 [IC 90% : 0.065 -0.072]. The Cronbach-alpha ranged from 0.80 to 0.87. In conclusion, the psychometric qualities of the ABQ were satisfactory for Brazilian young athletes, thus enabling its application in future studies in Brazil. Keywords: Questionnaire. Psychometrics. Physical education and training. IntroduçãoBurnout é um tema de interesse crescente na literatura vinculada ao esporte. Atletas podem ser acometidos por essa síndrome em razão de complexa interação entre múltiplos fatores de estresse, recuperação inadequada e frustração por expectativas e metas não-alcançadas 1 . Por conta de demandas cada vez mais exigentes em treinos e competições, associadas à pressão por melhores resultados impostas pela midia, pelas organizações esportivas e pelos treinadores, fazem com que atualmente o burnout seja considerado um problema real no contexto esportivo 2 . Especificamente no caso de atletas jovens, estes podem auto-impor solicitações além de suas possibilidades, por consequência, fazendo com que o desempenho apresentado não atenda suas metas estabelecidas para o esporte 3 . Ainda, o receio de não satisfazer expectativas estabelecidas por treinadores, familiares e amigos também pode gerar fonte de estresse adicional, especialmente se o jovem atribui ao esporte importante meio de realização pessoal 4 . Estudos têm mostrado que burnout em atletas jovens está relacionado à falta de prazer e motivação para prática de esporte 5 , à insatisfação com necessidades psicológicas básicas -

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Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Soccer Players: A Test of the 2 × 2 Model of Dispositional Perfectionism

Cited by 79 publications

References 48 publications

Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Athletes: A Three-Month Longitudinal Study

Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Athletes: A Three-Month Longitudinal Study

Perfectionism, Burnout, and Depression in Youth Soccer Players: A Longitudinal Study

Propriedades psicométricas do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire para uso em atletas jovens Brasileiros

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