Propriedades psicométricas do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire para uso em atletas jovens Brasileiros

Abstract

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi identificar propriedades psicométricas para atletas jovens brasileiros do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). O inventário foi administrado em amostra de 1217 atletas jovens (410 moças e 807 rapazes) com idades entre 12 e 17 anos. Para identificar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória e, na sequência, análise fatorial confirmatória. Para análise da consistência interna de cada fator associado ao burnout foi empregado coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados confirmaram estrutura de três fatores originalmente proposta (exaustão física/emocional, reduzido senso de realização pessoal e desvalorização esportiva), mediante indicadores estatísticos equivalentes à χ ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to identify the psychometric properties to the Brazilian young athletes of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). The inventory was administered in sample of 1217 young athletes (410 girls and 807 boys) aged 12 to 17 years-old. To identify initial psychometric properties exploratory factorial analysis were completed and, sequentially confirmatory factorial analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency of each factor of the ABQ associated to burnout. Results confirmed structure of three factors originally proposed (physical/emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation), through statistical indicators equivalent to χ 2 /gl = 2.89, CFI = 0.930, GFI = 0.928, AGFI = 0.937 e RMSR = 0.068 [IC 90% : 0.065 -0.072]. The Cronbach-alpha ranged from 0.80 to 0.87. In conclusion, the psychometric qualities of the ABQ were satisfactory for Brazilian young athletes, thus enabling its application in future studies in Brazil. Keywords: Questionnaire. Psychometrics. Physical education and training. IntroduçãoBurnout é um tema de interesse crescente na literatura vinculada ao esporte. Atletas podem ser acometidos por essa síndrome em razão de complexa interação entre múltiplos fatores de estresse, recuperação inadequada e frustração por expectativas e metas não-alcançadas 1 . Por conta de demandas cada vez mais exigentes em treinos e competições, associadas à pressão por melhores resultados impostas pela midia, pelas organizações esportivas e pelos treinadores, fazem com que atualmente o burnout seja considerado um problema real no contexto esportivo 2 . Especificamente no caso de atletas jovens, estes podem auto-impor solicitações além de suas possibilidades, por consequência, fazendo com que o desempenho apresentado não atenda suas metas estabelecidas para o esporte 3 . Ainda, o receio de não satisfazer expectativas estabelecidas por treinadores, familiares e amigos também pode gerar fonte de estresse adicional, especialmente se o jovem atribui ao esporte importante meio de realização pessoal 4 . Estudos têm mostrado que burnout em atletas jovens está relacionado à falta de prazer e motivação para prática de esporte 5 , à insatisfação com necessidades psicológicas básicas -

Employee Burnout During COVID-19 in the Hotel Industry

“…Part 2: Burnout. 9 attributes were benchmarked from Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. (1981), Freudenberger, H. (1974, Guedes, D. andde Souza, R. (2016), Campos, J., Carlotto, M., &Marôco, J. (2012).…”

Prevalence of burnout in soccer athletes of the sub-20 category along a sports season

“…The Burnout questionnaire for athletes (QBA) was used, validated for Brazilian athletes 15,16 . The instrument is made up of three dimensions: physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of sports achievement, and sports devaluation, evaluated through 15 questions, with question number 1 -" I'm doing a lot of worthwhile things in sports" and question number 14-" I feel successful in the sport" computed with inverted values.…”

“…In Brazil, Pires et al 15 suggest that scores according to the Likert scale be used as references, for example, if an athlete obtains an average of 2.5 for the physical and emotional exhaustion dimension, it is considered that this individual frequently presents feelings related to this subscale of from rarely to sometimes. A review was recently carried out on the psychometric properties of the QBA 16 . Guedes and Souza 16 confirmed the structure of the QBA to measure burnout in young athletes and indicated the need to establish burnout cut-off points for the classification of young athletes in different modalities and performance levels, aiming at a more reliable evaluation.…”

“…A review was recently carried out on the psychometric properties of the QBA 16 . Guedes and Souza 16 confirmed the structure of the QBA to measure burnout in young athletes and indicated the need to establish burnout cut-off points for the classification of young athletes in different modalities and performance levels, aiming at a more reliable evaluation. Thus, one of the contributions of the currents study is to propose a reference table capable of more safely classifying the frequency of feelings of burnout in U-20 athletes in Brazilian soccer.…”

“…By monitoring and evaluating burnout longitudinally in young athletes in training, it will be possible to establish a parameter of behavior and oscillation in this syndrome throughout a sports season. In the base categories, vacation periods, training, and competition are marked by different demands and requirements during the athlete training process 16,20 . This study intends to advance this discussion and contribute to the construction of a specific reference table to evaluate burnout in U-20 soccer players, as well as to verify individual fluctuations in burnout symptoms in athletes over three periods of the sports season (vacations, training, and competition).…”