Perceptions of community pharmacists to implementing technologies in the workplace: an exploratory study

Law, Mikaela; Zeng, Sophie; Koo, Jasmine; Verches, Diane; Lam, L; Martini, Nataly

doi:10.1007/s11096-021-01238-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The positive impact of TechF on OperPerf is expected because technology use improves inventory management systems, speed of daily work operations, and overall efficiency. This finding aligns with [2], who affirmed the positive benefits of community pharmacists' appreciation of the impact of technology on work operations [2]. Hence, hypothesis H2c is supported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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The Influence of Economic and Technology Factors on Performance Outcomes of Community Pharmacists in Nigeria: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Oamen¹

2023

TIJMG

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Community pharmacists, as healthcare providers, operate within local and global business environments. Therefore, they are not immune from the effects of the business environment on practice performance. However, limited empirical research is available to explore these effects. The study proposes an empirical model to investigate the influence of economic and technological factors on the performance domains of community pharmacists in southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires to 661 randomly selected community pharmacists. Performance measures were operationalized based on theory into 3 domains: operational, economic, and social performance domains. Study hypotheses were tested by applying factor-based structural equation modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS software. Results showed acceptable internal reliability of constructs and fit of the model to the data. Technology, compared to economic factors, had a significant influence on operational performance (β=0.242, p=0.001 vs. β=0.067, p=0.055). At the same time, economic factors had a higher influence on economic performance (β=0.070, p=0.036 vs. β=0.032, p=0.203). Both predictors affected social performance, with economic factors having a relatively stronger impact compared to technological factors. (β=0.095, p=0.007 vs. β=0.069, p=0.037). Community pharmacists should continue to strengthen economic value for their customers while incorporating relevant technology to improve practice outcomes. Macroeconomic policy by governments to enable community pharmacy practice is also recommended. The study recommends that community pharmacists emphasize the relevance of regular performance assessments to identify areas for improvement. This study adds substantial theoretical and methodological value to the existing literature by using SEM to explore the impact of business environmental factors on disaggregated performance measures of community pharmacists. Keywords: Community pharmacists, Economic, Measures, Nigeria, Performance, Technology, Structural equation modeling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…They shape the practices, policies, and strategies of entrepreneurs and business owners to secure their adaptability, long-term profitability, and survival as ongoing business concerns or entities [1]. Community pharmacists play a very important strategic, operational role in the management and operations of a community pharmacy [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Economic and Technology Factors on Performance Outcomes of Community Pharmacists in Nigeria: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Oamen¹

2023

TIJMG

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“…Nonpharmacist staff, in particular, felt that eHealth tools could reduce the need for their role and result in job losses. This is not entirely surprising given the evolution of dispensing robots, and the proliferation of online pharmacies, however, Law et al (43) has highlighted that most patient interactions cannot and should not be automated. It is, therefore, important that when encouraging staff to use eHealth tools that they are reassured that these are intended to be complimentary to their role and will not replace them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the digital literacy levels of the community pharmacy workforce using a survey tool

Crilly

Fletcher

Chandegra

et al. 2022

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives To investigate the digital literacy of staff in London, UK, community pharmacies and to explore their perceptions about the use of eHealth tools. Methods The study population was community pharmacy staff (N = 21,346) in Greater London. A survey tool was divided into six sections: Use of the internet; Use of social media; Use of mobile health applications (MHAs); Perception of and practical use of digital health tools; Scenario-based questions and demographics. Responses were analysed in SPSS. Following data collection, Health Education England’s (HEE’s) Digital Capabilities Framework (DCF) was published. The authors mapped the survey tool retrospectively to the framework. Key findings Almost all respondents (98.0%, n = 551/562) used eHealth tools at work, mainly to access medicine information (89.8%, n = 495/551). Almost one-third (31.7%, N = 178/562) used social media regularly, while many (79.4%, N = 446/562) were aware of MHAs. Self-perceived digital literacy indicated that 63.3% (n = 356/562) deemed themselves to be above average. Under 35s rated their digital literacy more highly than over 35s (P < 0.001). HEE’s DCF indicated that actual digital literacy was lower than that of self-perceived. Despite the high use of eHealth tools, respondents were reluctant to recommend these to the public for health advice. Conclusions Community pharmacy staff self-report their digital literacy to be high yet do not use these skills for public health purposes. Furthermore, these self-reported skills appear to be over-estimated. Despite high levels of use of digital tools at work, staff do not use them for public health, therefore, further training to build confidence to better utilise them is recommended.

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“…Subsequently, pharmacists were invited to complete the SUS, and participate in an interview. Semi-structured interview questions were developed to enable open-ended opinions of the RoboGen2 software, as well as questions related to technology used in pharmacy, reported elsewhere ( Law et al, 2021 ). The interview was recorded with a digital voice recorder and transcribed verbatim.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Usability, Efficacy and Accuracy of a Medication Entering Software System for a Healthcare Robot

et al. 2022

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Purpose: This research aimed to evaluate medication software for a healthcare robot. Study I compared two software versions (RoboGen and RoboGen2) for system usability, speed and accuracy of medication entry; Study II evaluated system usability and community pharmacists’ views of RoboGen2.Methods: Study I had a within-subjects experimental design and recruited 40 Health Sciences students to enter different, comparable sets of prescriptions into the two systems, in randomized order, within a limit of 15 min. Screen activity was recorded to observe prescription errors. Study II had a cross-sectional observational design and recruited 20 community pharmacists using convenience sampling. Pharmacists entered three prescriptions using RoboGen2. Participants in both studies completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) following each task. Study I participants completed a questionnaire on system preference, and Study II participants a semi-structured interview.Results: Study I participants preferred Robogen2 (p < 0.001) due to its sleek and modern layout, good flow, ease of use, and intuitive design. SUS scores [t (40) = −3.40, p = 0.002] and speed of medication entry favored Robogen2 (t = 3.65, p < 0.001). No significance was found in accuracy (t = 1.12, p = 0.27). In study 2, pharmacists rated the usability of RoboGen2 below average. Themes from interviews were navigation and streamlining the system, ease of use, and integration with pharmacy software systems.Conclusion: Adding safety features and better aesthetics can improve the usability and safety of a medication prescription system. Streamlining workflow and pre-populating data can increase speed of prescription entry without compromising patient safety. However, a better approach is integration with pre-existing pharmacy systems to reduce workload while incorporating safety features built into existing dispensing systems.

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Perceptions of community pharmacists to implementing technologies in the workplace: an exploratory study

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

The Influence of Economic and Technology Factors on Performance Outcomes of Community Pharmacists in Nigeria: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

The Influence of Economic and Technology Factors on Performance Outcomes of Community Pharmacists in Nigeria: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Assessing the digital literacy levels of the community pharmacy workforce using a survey tool

Investigating the Usability, Efficacy and Accuracy of a Medication Entering Software System for a Healthcare Robot

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