Investigating the Usability, Efficacy and Accuracy of a Medication Entering Software System for a Healthcare Robot

Abstract

Purpose: This research aimed to evaluate medication software for a healthcare robot. Study I compared two software versions (RoboGen and RoboGen2) for system usability, speed and accuracy of medication entry; Study II evaluated system usability and community pharmacists’ views of RoboGen2.Methods: Study I had a within-subjects experimental design and recruited 40 Health Sciences students to enter different, comparable sets of prescriptions into the two systems, in randomized order, within a limit of 15 min. Screen activity was recorded to observe prescription errors. Study II had a cross-sectional observational design and recruited 20 community pharmacists using convenience sampling. Pharmacists entered three prescriptions using RoboGen2. Participants in both studies completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) following each task. Study I participants completed a questionnaire on system preference, and Study II participants a semi-structured interview.Results: Study I participants preferred Robogen2 (p < 0.001) due to its sleek and modern layout, good flow, ease of use, and intuitive design. SUS scores [t (40) = −3.40, p = 0.002] and speed of medication entry favored Robogen2 (t = 3.65, p < 0.001). No significance was found in accuracy (t = 1.12, p = 0.27). In study 2, pharmacists rated the usability of RoboGen2 below average. Themes from interviews were navigation and streamlining the system, ease of use, and integration with pharmacy software systems.Conclusion: Adding safety features and better aesthetics can improve the usability and safety of a medication prescription system. Streamlining workflow and pre-populating data can increase speed of prescription entry without compromising patient safety. However, a better approach is integration with pre-existing pharmacy systems to reduce workload while incorporating safety features built into existing dispensing systems.

Efficacy and safety of a mobile app intervention in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a prospective pilot study

“…The COVID-19 pandemic lead to less face-to-face appointments [ 9 ], making it challenging for health care professionals (HCPs) to encourage and advise patients, regarding self-management, and an in turn increased usage of DHA [ 10 ]. Even though younger RMD patients show higher eHealth literacy [ 9 ], rheumatology mHealth options are not restricted to usage by young patients [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Home care professionals' experiences of successful implementation, use and competence needs of robot for medication management in Finland

“…Currently, digital solutions have been developed for the implementation of the medication process in older people's homes (Kleiven et al, 2020; Turjamaa et al, 2020). Digital solutions for smart medication management include apps (Al‐Saleh et al, 2022; Ping et al, 2022), as well as sensors and robots (Martini et al, 2022; Rantanen et al, 2017) to remind older people of taking the right medication at the right time. The use of the digital solutions helps streamline home care professionals' daily schedules (Turjamaa et al, 2019).…”

Older home care clients' experiences of digitalisation: A qualitative study of experiences of the use of robot for medicines management

“…Various digital solutions for medicines management, such as apps [25,26], as well as sensors and robots [27,28] have been developed to support older people in the medication process at home [29,30]. There is a lack of studies related to the implementation and use of robots for medicines management from older people's perspective.…”