Perceived entitativity, stereotype formation, and the interchangeability of group members.

Crawford, Matthew T.; Sherman, Steven J.; Hamilton, David L.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1076

Cited by 174 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Adapting the savings-in-relearning inference paradigm (Carlston & Skowronski, 1994), Crawford et al (2002) studied how behavioral information about individual members of a group is integrated into a global group representation, and how, once formed, this impression is applied to other group members. Participants read about behaviors performed by members of two different groups, A and B, and all behaviors implied specific personality traits.…”

Section: Spontaneous Inferences In Group Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sowing the seeds of stereotypes: Spontaneous inferences about groups.

Hamilton¹,

Chen²,

Ko³

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Although dispositional inferences may be consciously drawn from the trait implications of observed behavior, abundant research has shown that people also spontaneously infer trait dispositions simply in the process of comprehending behavior. These spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) can occur without intention or awareness. All research on STIs has studied STIs based on behaviors of individual persons. Yet important aspects of social life occur in groups, and people regularly perceive groups engaging in coordinated action. We propose that perceivers make spontaneous trait inferences about groups (STIGs), parallel to the STIs formed about individuals. In 5 experiments we showed that (a) perceivers made STIGs comparable with STIs about individuals (based on the same behaviors), (b) a cognitive load manipulation did not affect the occurrence of STIGs, (c) STIGs occurred for groups varying in entitativity, (d) STIGs influenced perceivers' impression ratings of those groups, and (e) STIG-based group impressions generalized to new group members. These experiments provide the first evidence for STIGs, a process that may contribute to the formation of spontaneous group impressions. Implications for stereotype formation are discussed.

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Section: Spontaneous Inferences In Group Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sowing the seeds of stereotypes: Spontaneous inferences about groups.

Hamilton¹,

Chen²,

Ko³

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…The perception of entitativity also influences the processing of behavioral information about individual group members. Perceiving highly entitative targets involves the abstraction of a distinct group impression or stereotype and the transference of that stereotype across all members of the group (Crawford, Sherman, & Hamilton, 2002). Other research shows that the perception of entitativity is related to greater stereotyping for both social categories and task groups (Spencer-Rodgers, Hamilton, & Sherman, 2007).…”

Section: Relationship Between Entitativity and Stereotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and group perception: Dispositional and stereotypic inferences about novel and national groups.

Spencer‐Rodgers¹,

Williams²,

Hamilton³

et al. 2007

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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In 3 studies, the authors tested the hypothesis that Chinese participants would view social groups as more entitative than would Americans and, as a result, would be more likely to infer personality traits on the basis of group membership-that is, to stereotype. In Study 1, Chinese participants made stronger stereotypic trait inferences than Americans did on the basis of a target's membership in a fictitious group. Studies 2 and 3 showed that Chinese participants perceived diverse groups as more entitative and attributed more internally consistent dispositions to groups and their members. Guided by culturally based lay theories about the entitative nature of groups, Chinese participants may stereotype more readily than do Americans when group membership is available as a source of dispositional inference.

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“…Não apenas os indivíduos que se assemelham na aparência física podem ser desindividualizados, graças ao efeito do mecanismo da direção comum, que se manifesta quando passamos a tratar como parte de um todo indivíduos, que mesmo diferentes no plano visual, executam uma mesma atividade de uma forma organizada, estão relativamente próximos entre si e se comunicam para expressar e compartilhar expectativas e ideais (Brewer, Hong & Lee, 2004;Crawford, Sherman & Hamilton, 2002;Doosje, Ellemers & Spears, 1995).…”

Section: Entitatividadeunclassified