Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in firefighting foam concentrates and water samples collected near sites impacted by the use of these foams

Dauchy, Xavier; Boiteux, Virginie; Bach, Cristina; Rosin, Christophe; Munoz, Jean-François

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056

Cited by 124 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The classes of compounds identified in firefighting foam products include predominantly 6:2‐based fluorotelomer compounds and C6 and shorter sulfonamido compounds, in addition to perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. It is notable that the focus for these analyses has so far been aqueous film‐forming forms (AFFF), while less is understood regarding PFASs in film‐forming fluoroprotein foams and fluoroprotein foams, which also contain blends of fluorosurfactants (Dauchy, Boiteux, Bach, Rosin, & Munoz, ; Zushi, Yamamoto, Tsunemi, & Masunaga, ).…”

Section: Overview Of Pfas Environmental Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of emerging technologies for remediation of PFASs

Ross

McDonough

Miles

et al. 2018

Remediation Journal

375

268

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The need for remediation of poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is growing as a result of more regulatory attention to this new class of contaminants with diminishing water quality standards being promulgated, commonly in the parts per trillion range. PFASs comprise >3,000 individual compounds, but the focus of analyses and regulations has generally been PFASs termed perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), which are all extremely persistent, can be highly mobile, and are increasingly being reported to bioaccumulate, with understanding of their toxicology evolving. However, there are thousands of polyfluorinated “PFAA precursors”, which can transform in the environment and in higher organisms to create PFAAs as persistent daughter products. Some PFASs can travel miles from their point of release, as they are mobile and persistent, potentially creating large plumes. The use of a conceptual site model (CSM) to define risks posed by specific PFASs to potential receptors is considered essential. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used as part of interim remedial measures to treat PFASs present in water. Many alternative treatment technologies are being adapted for PFASs or ingenious solutions developed. The diversity of PFASs commonly associated with use of multiple PFASs in commercial products is not commonly assessed. Remedial technologies, which are adsorptive or destructive, are considered for both soils and waters with challenges to their commercial application outlined. Biological approaches to treat PFASs report biotransformation which creates persistent PFAAs, no PFASs can biodegrade. Water treatment technologies applied ex situ could be used in a treatment train approach, for example, to concentrate PFASs and then destroy them on‐site. Dynamic groundwater recirculation can greatly enhance contaminant mass removal via groundwater pumping. This review of technologies for remediation of PFASs describes that: GAC may be effective for removal of long‐chain PFAAs, but does not perform well on short‐chain PFAAs and its use for removal of precursors is reported to be less effective; Anion‐exchange resins can remove a wider array of long‐ and short‐chain PFAAs, but struggle to treat the shortest chain PFAAs and removal of most PFAA precursors has not been evaluated; Ozofractionation has been applied for PFASs at full scale and shown to be effective for removal of total PFASs; Chemical oxidation has been demonstrated to be potentially applicable for some PFAAs, but when applied in situ there is concern over the formation of shorter chain PFAAs and ongoing rebound from sorbed precursors; Electrochemical oxidation is evolving as a destructive technology for many PFASs, but can create undesirable by‐products such as perchlorate and bromate; Sonolysis has been demonstrated as a potential destructive technology in the laboratory but there are significant challenges when considering scale up; Soils stabilization approaches are evolving and have been used at full scale but performance need to be assessed usin...

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Section: Overview Of Pfas Environmental Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of emerging technologies for remediation of PFASs

Ross

McDonough

Miles

et al. 2018

Remediation Journal

375

268

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These compounds are also highly persistent, thus, their occurrence in secondary treated effluent has been reported in several recent studies (Arvaniti and Stasinakis, 2015;Campo et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2016). PFOS and PFOA contamination associated with previous firefighting exercises has been widely reported in Australia and around the world (Baduel et al, 2017;Dauchy et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2016;Munoz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Micropollutants In Reclaimed Watermentioning

confidence: 95%

Occurrence and bioconcentration of micropollutants in Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) in a reclaimed water reservoir

Terechovs

Ansari

McDonald

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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This study examined the occurrence of 49 micropollutants in reclaimed water and Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) living in a reclaimed water reservoir. The numbers of micropollutants detected in reclaimed water, Silver Perch liver, and Silver Perch flesh were 20, 23, and 19, respectively. Concentrations of all micropollutants in reclaimed water, except benzotriazole, were well below the Australian Guideline for Recycled Water (AGRW) values for potable purposes. The concentration of benzotriazole in reclaimed water was 675 ± 130 ng/L while the AGRW value for this compound was 7 ng/L. Not all micropollutants detected in the water phase were identified in the Silver Perch flesh and liver tissues. Likewise, not all micropollutants detected in the Silver Perch flesh and liver were identified in the reclaimed water. In general, micropollutant concentrations in the liver were higher than in the flesh. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at a trace level in reclaimed water well below the AGRW guideline value for potable purposes, but showed a high and medium bioconcentration factor in Silver Perch liver and flesh, respectively. In addition, the risk quotient for PFOS was medium and high when considering its concentration in Silver Perch liver and flesh, respectively. Results reported here highlight the need to evaluate multiple parameters for a comprehensive risk assessment. The results also single out PFOS as a notable contaminant of concern for further investigation.

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“…There are also numerous individual studies that analysed PFAS in products, for example in apparel, 54,55 building materials, 56 hydraulic fluids and engine oils, 57 impregnation sprays, 58,59 firefighting foams, [60][61][62][63][64][65] food packaging materials, 66,67 or various other consumer products. 33,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] These studies are important because they show in which products PFAS exist.…”

Section: Studies That Measured Pfas In Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous reports about PFAS-contaminated sites where firefighting foams have been used (especially for training activities) or spilled. 61,63,103,104 Although PFASfree class B fire-fighting foams have been developed in the meantime, PFAS-containing fire-fighting foams are still widely in use today. 65,105,106 For more information, see ESI-1 Section 2.14 and the Appendix.…”

Section: Pfaas and Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Glüge¹,

Scheringer²,

Cousins³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern because of their very high persistence and impacts on human and environmental health. Currently, many different PFAS (on the order of several thousands) are used in a wide range of applications and there is no comprehensive source of information on the many individual substances and their functions in different applications. Here we provide a broad overview of many use categories where PFAS have been employed and for which function; we also specify which PFAS have been used and discuss the magnitude of the uses. Our compilation is not exhaustive, but it was still possible to demonstrate that PFAS are used in almost all industry branches and many consumer products. In total, more than 200 use categories and subcategories were identified for more than 1400 individual PFAS. The identified use categories include many categories not previously described in the scientific literature but also a lot of well-known categories such as textile impregnation, fire-fighting foam, and electroplating. Besides a detailed description of use categories, the present study also contains a list of the identified PFAS per use category. On this basis, a database of exact masses of 1400 PFAS is provided that is intended to facilitate the analytical detection of many more individual PFAS in the future.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in firefighting foam concentrates and water samples collected near sites impacted by the use of these foams

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

A review of emerging technologies for remediation of PFASs

A review of emerging technologies for remediation of PFASs

Occurrence and bioconcentration of micropollutants in Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) in a reclaimed water reservoir

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

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