Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in snow, lake, surface runoff water and coastal seawater in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Spatiotemporal distribution and mass loadings of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River of China

“…Sources could include the waste water discharge from industries and WWTPs, whereas landfill leachate, dry or wet atmospheric deposition, and soil/street surface runoff have also been suggested as non-point sources (Ahrens et al, 2009a;Paul et al, 2008;Busch et al, 2010;Cai et al, 2012). PFAS levels and profiles in the Yangtze River provided some important insights.…”

“…PFAS-related manufacturing processes, wastewater discharges, leaching of landfills, precipitation, contaminated runoff and air deposition are thought to be the direct sources for PFASs in the aquatic environment (Ahrens et al, 2009a;Paul et al, 2008;Busch et al, 2010;Cai et al, 2012). Long chain (more than seven fully fluorinated carbon atoms) PFCAs and PFSAs are shown to be bioaccumulative (Martin et al, 2003) and have potential adverse effects on humans and animals (Lau, 2012;Peters and Gonzalez, 2011).…”

Quantitative analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl compounds in water matrices using high resolution mass spectrometry: Optimization for a laser diode thermal desorption method

“…In contrast, in ecosystems with little anthropogenic impacts, PFAS levels in surface waters are usually reported in the pg L À1 to ng L À1 range (dissolved phase), while suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bed sediment levels typically fall in the low ng g À1 range [10,11]. Extensive sample clean-up and preconcentration, as well as sensitive detection methods, are therefore needed.…”

Baseline concentrations of faecal sterols and assessment of sewage input into different inlets of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

“…The ecosystem is particularly sensitive to anthropogenic changes and is highly susceptible to human impact because of its remote location and weather conditions. Local sources of contamination in the Antarctic area include scientific activities, fuel usage, garbage incineration and sewage (Aronson et al, 2011;Cai et al, 2012). Due to this real existence of sewage input to the Antarctic marine waters and its probable anthropogenic impact, the monitoring of waste discharges is important to prevent contamination of the environment (Martins et al, 2012).…”