Spatiotemporal distribution and mass loadings of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River of China

Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface sediments of the German Bight, North Sea

“…The sediment is highly important for the evaluation of their accumulation in coastal basins and potential impacts on benthic organisms. Several studies have reported PFAAs in sediment from China (Bao et al, 2009(Bao et al, , 2010(Bao et al, , 2012Pan et al, 2014;Pan and You, 2010;Zhao et al, 2013), Japan , the United States (Senthil et al, 2009), and Europe (Becker et al, 2008;Beškoski et al, 2013;Campo et al, 2015;Hloušková et al, 2014;Labadie and Chevreuil, 2011a,b;Perra et al, 2013;Theobald et al, 2012). PFOS and PFOA were found as dominant homologues in PFAAs in most studies.…”

“…In recent years, PFAAs have been reported in different environmental compartments such as air (Dreyer et al, 2009;Li et al, 2011), water (Ahrens, 2011;Benskin et al, 2012), sediment (Bao et al, 2010;Higgins et al, 2005;Lam et al, 2014;Pan et al, 2014;Theobald et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2013), and in biota (Giesy and Kannan, 2001;Houde et al, 2006;Kannan et al, 2006). Among the PFAAs, perfluorinated sulfonate acids (PFSAs) and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), e.g.…”

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants: Removal efficiency and exposure risk

“…Because of the high energy of the CeF covalent bond (approximately 466 kJ/mol), PFASs are extremely resistant to biological and chemical degradation and show various toxicological effects (Mattsson et al, 2015;Khalil et al, 2016). PFASs have been detected in water (Post et al, 2013;Pan et al, 2014a;Lorenzo et al, 2016), sediment (Naile et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2013;Qi et al, 2016), sludge (Llorca et al, 2011;Armstrong et al, 2016), wildlife (Pan et al, 2014b;Letcher et al, 2015), and non-occupationally exposed humans throughout the world (Hansen et al, 2001;Buser and Scinicariello, 2016). Long chain PFASs are highly bioaccumulative in biota, with bioaccumulation factors (BAF) up to 23,000 for perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) in rainbow trout (Banks et al, 1994;Martin et al, 2003), and they can be biomagnified along the food web (Xu et al, 2014).…”

Ecological risks of home and personal care products in the riverine environment of a rural region in South China without domestic wastewater treatment facilities

“…Other quality properties of water and sediment were analysed in the laboratory according to standard methods in a previous report (Pan et al, 2014). Briefly, pH, conductivity and DO were measured on line by a pH/DO metre YSI-Pro2030 from YSI Incorporated (Yellow Springs, USA); chemical oxygen demand Sites S1-S12 are in the upper reach (rural area) of the Sha River.…”