Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants: Removal efficiency and exposure risk

Landfill leachate contributes per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pharmaceuticals to municipal wastewater

“…Previous studies have documented a similar range of total PFAS concentration in leachate (300 to 65 900 ng L −1 ) 6,45,46 and influent (232 to 2450 ng L −1 ). [47][48][49][50] Maximum PFAS concentrations occurred in leachate, as compared to WWTP influent, for 32 of the 36 PFAS detected in paired leachate-WWTP samples and were on average 23 times higher in leachate than in corresponding influent. Maximum concentrations in leachate for PFHxA (8300 ng L −1 ), MeFPeSAA (7600 ng L −1 ), PFHpA (6500 ng L −1 ), and PFOA (4800 ng L −1 ) were substantially larger than maximum concentrations in paired influent samples (470 ng L −1 , 48 ng L −1 , 350 ng L −1 , and 1400 ng L −1 , respectively, Fig.…”

Performance of secondary wastewater treatment methods for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern implicated in crop uptake and antibiotic resistance spread: A review

“…70-94 (Gerrity et al, 2015;Mamo et al, 2016) Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) 11 (Pan et al, 2016) Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) <0 (Pan et al, 2016) Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) <0 (Pan et al, 2016) Estrogens Estrone (E1) 58-100 (Joss et al, 2004;Clara et al, 2005a;Joss et al, 2005;Zuehlke et al, 2006;Coleman et al, 2009;Le-Minh et al, 2010;Xue et al, 2010;Cases et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2011a;Trinh et al, 2012a;Trinh et al, 2012b;He et al, 2013;Phan et al, 2015;Trinh et al, 2016b) 17β-Estradiol (E2) 39-100 (Joss et al, 2004;Clara et al, 2005a;Zuehlke et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2008;Le-Minh et al, 2010;Xue et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2011a;Dialynas and Diamadopoulos 2012;Trinh et al, 2012a;Trinh et al, 2012b;He et al, 2013;Trinh et al, 2016b) 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) 20-100 Joss et al, 2004;Kreuzinger et al, 2004;Clara et al, 2005a;Zuehlke et al, 2006;Le-Minh et al, 2010;Xue et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2011b;Dialynas and Diamadopoulos 2012;…”

Experimental investigation on the perfluorooctanoic and perfluorooctane sulfonic acids fate and behaviour in the activated sludge reactor

“…Since these compounds possess a high stability versus biological and chemical degradation, the processes here implemented for the removal of carbon and nutrient compounds are unable to achieve also significant reduction of PFOA and PFOS concentrations. Furthermore, potential transformations of precursor compounds to PFOA and PFOS during the same processes may lead to an increase of their concentrations (Pan et al, 2016). Therefore, the WWTPs become one of the main sources of release into the environment through the effluent and sludge disposal.…”