Peptides from Cauliflower By-Products, Obtained by an Efficient, Ecosustainable, and Semi-Industrial Method, Exert Protective Effects on Endothelial Function

Abstract

The large amount of cauliflower industry waste represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. In this work, peptide hydrolysates from cauliflower leaves were characterized by combined bioanalytical approaches. Twelve peptide fractions were studied to evaluate unexplored biological activities by effect-based cellular bioassays. A potent inhibition of intracellular xanthine oxidase activity was observed in human vascular endothelial cells treated with one fraction, with an IC50 = 8.3±0.6 μg/ml. A different fraction significantly induced the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 and decreased the tumor necrosis factor α-induced VCAM-1 expression, thus leading to a significant improvement in the viability of human vascular endothelial cells. Shotgun peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to retrieve the most probable bioactive peptide sequences. Our study shows that peptides from cauliflower waste should be recycled for producing valuable products useful for the prevention of endothelial dysfunction linked to atherogenesis progression.

Production and Characterization of Medium-Sized and Short Antioxidant Peptides from Soy Flour-Simulated Gastrointestinal Hydrolysate

“…The hydrolyzed peptides were purified by preparative liquid chromatography (LC) using the Xbridge BEH C18 OBD Prep, 19 mm id × 250 mm column (particle size = 5 μm; Waters, Milford, MA, USA) as previously described [ 19 , 20 ], with some modifications. The chromatographic system was a Shimadzu Prominence LC-20A, including a CBM-20A controller, two LC-20 AP preparative pumps, and a DGU-20A3R inline degasser.…”

Peptidomic Approach for the Identification of Peptides with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperthensive Effects Derived From Asparagus By-Products

“…The EC50 asparagus values were in general still higher, but significantly better compared to the values found in other plant species. For example, ACE-inhibitory peptides obtained from rice, Brewers’ spent grain, soybean and chia ( Salvia hispania ) after Alcalase® digestion possessed EC 50 values of 18.20 µmol L −1 , 96.39 µmol L −1 , 12.3 µmol L −1 and 3.97 µmol L −1 , respectively [17], as well as three peptides, identified and assayed recently in our previous work on cauliflower by-products, that had low ACE-inhibitory values of 17.76 μmol L −1 , 12.81 μmol L −1 and 0.46 μmol L −1 , respectively [18,19].…”

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Fermented Broths Enriched with Eruca sativa Seed Extracts on Intestinal Barrier and Inflammation in a Co-Culture System of an Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Human Intestinal Cells

“…The cell viability of the broth solutions towards the human intestinal cells was evaluated by WST8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt) that, in the presence of an electron mediator, is reduced, by dehydrogenases in cells (as a vitality biomarker), to formazan dye which is soluble in the tissue culture medium. The amount of formazan dye generated by dehydrogenases in cells is directly proportional to the number of living cells [ 39 ]. For experiment, Caco-2 cells were seeded in a transparent 96-well plate at a density of 5 × 10 3 cells/well.…”