Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Fermented Broths Enriched with Eruca sativa Seed Extracts on Intestinal Barrier and Inflammation in a Co-Culture System of an Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Human Intestinal Cells

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) “fermentates” confer a beneficial effect on intestinal function. However, the ability of new fermentations to improve LAB broth activity in preventing pathogen-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction has not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to determine if broths of LAB fermented with Eruca sativa or Barbarea verna seed extracts prevent gut barrier dysfunction and interleukin-8 (CXCL8) release in vitro in human intestinal Caco-2 cells infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7. LAB broths were assayed for their effects on EHEC growth and on Caco-2 viability; thereafter, their biological properties were analysed in a co-culture system consisting of EHEC and Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells infected with EHEC significantly increased CXCL8 release, and decreased Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), a barrier-integrity marker. Notably, when Caco-2 cells were treated with LAB broth enriched with E. sativa seed extract and thereafter infected, both CXCL8 expression and epithelial dysfunction reduced compared to in untreated cells. These results underline the beneficial effect of broths from LAB fermented with E. sativa seed extracts in gut barrier and inflammation after EHEC infection and reveal that these LAB broths can be used as functional bioactive compounds to regulate intestinal function.

Seed Meals from Brassica nigra and Eruca sativa Control Artificial Nosema ceranae Infections in Apis mellifera

“…Moreover, ITCs exert their health effect through antimicrobic activity against common human pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori [ 53 , 54 ]. More recently, broths of lactic acid bacteria fermented with Eruca sativa seed extracts showed promising results in preventing Escherichia coli -induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell in vitro assays [ 55 ]. Furthermore, Brassicaceae vegetables are a rich source of other health-promoting nutrients and phytochemicals, apart from GSL, such as vitamins (ascorbic acid, carotenoids), minerals, fibers, soluble sugars, amino acids, indole phytoalexins, terpenes, phytosteroids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects [ 56 ].…”

Beneficial Effects of Eruca sativa Defatted Seed Meal on Visceral Pain and Intestinal Damage Resulting from Colitis in Rats

“…Interestingly, though E. sativa DSM was not able to prevent neuronal damage caused by colitis, the same treatment determined a significant attenuation of enteric glia activation within the colonic myenteric plexuses of DNBS animals. As mentioned above, enteric glial cells, which become activated during colitis in rats [ 34 , 54 ], are able to modulate both neuronal and immune functions and participates in visceral sensitivity regulation [ 18 , 55 , 56 ] by modulating different pathways within the gut [ 27 , 57 ]. E. sativa treatment, turning off both glia and MCs signaling, could counteract the perpetuation and the amplification of the inflammatory response, promoting tissue healing and reducing chronic pain associated with colitis, as observed in our recent study [ 17 ].…”

“…Finally, it is important to mention the role played by GSLs and ITCs in the maintenance of intestinal microbial homeostasis. Recent findings attest to the beneficial effect of broths from Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented with E. sativa seed extracts on intestinal inflammation and barrier impairment caused by entero-hemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection [ 55 ]. GSLs and ITCs can behave akin to prebiotics by promoting lactic acid bacteria growth with a parallel increase in the levels of lactate and short-chain fatty acids [ 56 ].…”

Ozone gas applied through nebulization as adjuvant treatment for lung respiratory diseases due to COVID-19 infections: a prospective randomized trial

“…Apart from the good bacteria and viruses that are beneficial for our body. 12 13 there are also many bacteria and viruses that weaken our immune system, therefore inducing diseases. 14 15 These organisms cause various diseases in humans and animals.…”