Peptidomic Approach for the Identification of Peptides with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperthensive Effects Derived From Asparagus By-Products

Abstract

Asparagus waste represents products of great interest since many compounds with high biological value are located in the lower portion of the spears. The extraction of bioactive compounds from asparagus by-products is therefore crucial for the purpose of adding value to these by-products. In this paper, bioactive peptides from asparagus waste were extracted, digested, purified and identified. In particular, Alcalase® was chosen as the enzyme to use to obtain protein hydrolysate due to its low cost and, consequently, the possibility of implementing the method on a large scale. In order to simplify the peptide extract to reach better identification, the hydrolysate was fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography in 10 fractions. Two tests were carried out for antioxidant activity (ABTS-DPPH) and one for antihypertensive activity (ACE). Fractions with a higher bioactivity score were identified by peptidomics technologies and screened for bioactivity with the use of bioinformatics. For ACE-inhibitor activity, two peptides were synthetized, PDWFLLL and ASQSIWLPGWL, which provided an EC50 value of 1.76 µmol L−1 and 4.02 µmol L−1, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, by DPPH assay, MLLFPM exhibited the lowest EC50 value at 4.14 µmol L−1, followed by FIARNFLLGW and FAPVPFDF with EC50 values of 6.76 µmol L−1 and 10.01 µmol L−1, respectively. A validation of the five identified peptides was also carried out. The obtained results showed that peptides obtained from asparagus by-products are of interest for their biological activity and are suitable for being used as functional ingredients.

Production and Characterization of Medium-Sized and Short Antioxidant Peptides from Soy Flour-Simulated Gastrointestinal Hydrolysate

“…The hydrolyzed peptides were purified by preparative liquid chromatography (LC) using the Xbridge BEH C18 OBD Prep, 19 mm id × 250 mm column (particle size = 5 μm; Waters, Milford, MA, USA) as previously described [ 19 , 20 ], with some modifications. The chromatographic system was a Shimadzu Prominence LC-20A, including a CBM-20A controller, two LC-20 AP preparative pumps, and a DGU-20A3R inline degasser.…”

Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Activity of Chia Protein Techno-Functional Extensive Hydrolysates

“…In both cases, an initial sample was taken, before adding the enzyme, which was treated the same as the other samples. Alcalase and Flavourzyme are extensively used in the food industry, since their optimal hydrolytic activity is found in a mild pH range (7)(8)(9)(10) and their temperature between 50 and 70 • C, which is great interest to avoid contamination in the process by preventing bacterial growth. On the other hand, both enzymes are totally soluble in water, complying with the specifications recommended by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) [30] and JECFA (Joint Committee of Experts on Food Additives) [31] related to enzymes for food use.…”

“…Taken together with the demand for new foods, many research groups have led the development of plant and animal protein hydrolysis processes in a wide range of raw materials, such as fish [8], asparagus [9], hemp [6,10], meat byproduct [11] and wheat gluten protein [12], among others. However, there are few studies that show the potential techno-functional uses of chia seed in the food industry and its application as a food ingredient containing peptides with biological activity.…”

A Systemic Review on Microalgal Peptides: Bioprocess and Sustainable Applications

“…Therefore, S. platensis were investigatd and found a potentially promising antimicrobial agent. The overall signif-icance and the mechanism involved in the microalgal bioactive peptides are listed in Table 7 [97][98][99][100][101][102]. 2.…”