Peptide drug delivery: Colonic and rectal absorption

Nasal and rectal delivery of insulin with chitosan and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride

“…Many efforts have been made to enhance the uptake of poorly absorbed drugs. The co-administration of absorption enhancers is one of the most studied approaches (Smith et al, 1992;Mackay et al, 1997). However, in most cases the enhancement of drug absorption is accompanied by mucosal injury induced by the enhancer (Muranishi, 1990;Tomita et al, 1996;Khafagy et al, 2007).…”

Administration strategies for proteins and peptides

“…The rectal route has been used for both local and systematic treatment (Boer et al, 1982;Mackay et al, 1997) and it could be a route of considerable importance for protein administration (De Boer et al, 1990), because protein drugs administrated rectally avoid first-pass elimination (De Boer et al, 1980). However, it is still limited by several drawbacks like poor protein and peptide absorption through the rectal epithelium, leading to low bioavailability (De Boer et al, 1990); moreover, many patients consider it distasteful (Yamamoto and Muranishi, 1997).…”

Aquasomes: a promising carrier for peptides and protein delivery

“…Alternative routes for the administration of protein and peptide-based pharmaceuticals (e.g., buccal, nasal, rectal, vaginal, and pulmonary) are also being investigated, and results of many of these have been encouraging. [4][5][6][7] However, the activities of protease in the homogenates of buccal, nasal, rectal, and vaginal mucosa of rabbits have been shown to be quite comparable to that in intestinal mucosa. 8 In another study, degradation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in buccal, nasal, and liver tissues was reported.…”