Pentafluorophenyl substituted fulleropyrrolidine: a molecule enabling the most efficient flexible electrochromic device with fast switching

Abstract

A Fullerene derivative, namely, pentafluorophenyl substituted fulleropyrrolidine (PSF), has been synthesized and reported for application in electrochromic device as counter ion electrode material. A polythiophene based solid state electrochromic device...

Raman Spectromicroscopy: A Tool to “See” Subtle Aspects in Science, Technology, and Engineering

“…Raman microscopy can be developed as a tool that can facilitate better analysis of device operation mechanism through the tapestry of spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization for current technological advancement. An electrochromic device is typically fabricated using an electrochemical material (e.g., polythiophene or P3HT as an example), an electrolyte, and a counter material stacked in a cross-bar geometry between two transparent conducting electrode. − The induced redox activity while applying positive bias in P3HT is due to the formation of polarons due to oxidation, and the process of bias-induced polaron formation is known as “dynamic doping”, which is a tremendously analyzed concept in the field of organic electronics. , The polaron formation in P3HT when probed through in situ Raman spectroscopy in cross bar geometry investigates the mechanism of color switching, when at the initial state (zero bias), peaks corresponding to C α C β and C β C β stretching vibrations of aromatic thiophene ring peaked at 1380 and 1445 cm –1 . By switching the bias to a positive value, the peaks shift to 1377 and 1412 cm –1 , respectively, corresponding to the P3HT polarons formed due to dynamic doping with a negative bias reinstalling of the initial state of the device identified by shifted peak at 1380 and 1445 cm –1 taking place.…”

Bifunctional Application of Viologen-MoS2-CNT/Polythiophene Device as Electrochromic Diode and Half-Wave Rectifier

“…Electrochromism , is a phenomenon, shown by some material (known as electrochromic materials), of an electrical bias induced change in optical properties as can be seen through the naked eye and/or in terms of modulation in absorption or transmission spectrum. An electrochromic device (ECD), fabricated utilizing the electrochromic properties of any material, is mainly used for applications in electronic curtains, smart windows, color filters including heat shielding, and so forth. − However, recently such devices have gotten a lot of interest due to additional applications in various fields like storage devices, − sensors, − special displays, − and other electronic circuits . A typical ECD comprises thin films of electrochromic materials, ion transport material (electrolyte), and sometimes counterions that help to enhance the performance of the device.…”

Ambipolar All-Organic Solid-State Electrochromic Device Using Electrodeposited Polyaniline: Improving Performance by Design

“…It is established fact that a symmetric device, made only by using the electrochromic, performs with less efficiency. Hence, bilayer devices are better choices, where two layers with complementary redox (may or may not be electrochromic active) behavior is used. ,,− Two redox active and electrochromic passive materials, PCBM and TTF, have been reported for this purpose, as they are commonly known n-type and p-type counterions, which when incorporated in ECDs, do not change themselves but improves the performance parameters. , These two materials were chosen specifically to learn about the individual property of PANIs’ ambipolar nature, and then, to validate the same, two more ECDs were fabricated with all-organic electrochromic materials, which subsequently established the ambipolarity by portraying excellent device performance parameters. − …”