Peningkatan Produksi Benih Botani Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) di Dataran Rendah Subang Melalui Aplikasi BAP dan Introduksi Apis cerana

Abstract

<p>Produksi benih botani bawang merah (true shallot seed/TSS) dapat ditingkatkan melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan intensitas penyerbukan. Aplikasi BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan, sementara introduksi serangga penyerbuk dapat meningkatkan intensitas penyerbukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi TSS di dataran rendah Subang (100 m dpl.). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni sampai November 2014. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap percobaan. Percobaan pertama disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah waktu aplikasi BAP yang terdiri dari 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST) serta 2, 4, dan 6 MST. Anak petak adalah konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri dari 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, dan 250 ppm. Percobaan kedua dilakukan dengan membandingkan produksi TSS dari dua populasi yang diintroduksi serangga dan tanpa introduksi serangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BAP pada 2, 4, dan 6 MST efektif meningkatkan persentase tanaman berbunga, jumlah bunga per umbel, jumlah kapsul per umbel, persentase pembentukan kapsul per umbel, dan bobot TSS per tanaman. Introduksi Apis cerana efektif meningkatkan jumlah kapsul bernas per tanaman, persentase pembentukan kapsul per tanaman, jumlah TSS per tanaman, persentase TSS bernas per tanaman, dan bobot TSS per tanaman, bobot 100 butir, dan daya berkecambah.</p><p>Production of true shallot seed (TSS) can be increased by enhancing flowering and intensifying the pollination. Application of BAP enhances flowering, whereas introduction of insect pollinator intensifies pollination. This research was aimed to increase TSS production in lowland area of Subang (100 m asl.) and was carried out from June until November 2014. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was arranged in split plot design with four replications. The main plot was time of application of BAP i.e. 1, 3, and 5 week after planting (WAP) and 2, 4, and 6 WAP. The sub plot was consentration of BAP i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm. The second experiment was comparing TSS production from two populations with and without installment of Apis cerana hive. The result showed that BAP applied on 2, 4, and 6 WAP effectively increased percentage of plant flowering, number of flower per umbel, number of capsules per umbel, percentage of fruitset, and TSS weight per plant. Introduction of Apis cerana have increased fruitset, percentages of filled TSS, number of TSS per umbel, and TSS weight per umbel as well as weight of 100 seed, and germination capacity.</p>

The Pengaruh Ukuran Siung dan Metode Simpan Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Putih

“…The results of this study are higher than those of Rosliani et al (2013) with an average number of TSS / umbles produced by 75.5 units, the weight of TSS / umbles 0.323 g and weight of TSS / plants 0.432 g. Kurniasari et al (2017) obtained an average number of TSS / umbles of 88.5 units, weight of TSS / umbles of 0.302 g and weight of TSS / plants of 0.365 g.…”

“…Palupi et al (2015) concluded that the formation of capsules and the weight of pithy seeds produced at crosspollination was higher than that of self-pollination. Palupi et al (2017) and Kurniasari et al (2017) also agreed that the percentage of pithy capsules and increased TSS production was influenced by pollinating insects that help cross-pollination. 16.4 3 5.8 22.7 Note: Numbers with the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference based on the DMRT test at the level of α = 5%, tn: not significantly different…”

“…Rosliani et al (2013) concluded that the use of BAP 50 ppm in Bima varieties in the Subang lowlands with an application time of 1, 3 and 5 MST increased flowering from 11.7% to 28.9%. Kurniasari et al (2017) concluded the application of 50 ppm BAP in Bima varieties in Subang at 2, 4 and 6 MST increased flowering from 27.8% to 38.9%. This indicates that the application of BAP is consistent with increased flowering on vernalization onions.…”

“…According to Palupi et al (2015), the introduction of Apis cerana dugouts increased TSS production in the lowlands from 0.31 g / plant to 0.50 g / plant and in the highlands increased from 0.88 g / plant to 1.38 g / plant. Meanwhile, Kurniasari et al, (2017) stated that BAP concentrations of 50 ppm given at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after planting (MST) and the introduction of Apis cerana around plantations could increase TSS production in Bima varieties in the lowlands of 0.06 g / plants to 0.26 g / plant.…”

Pengaruh Suhu Ruang Simpan dan Perlakuan Pasca Penyimpanan terhadap Mutu dan Produktivitas Umbi Benih Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. group Aggregatum)

“…Di sisi lain persentase tanaman yang berbunga dalam penelitian ini tergolong rendah diduga karena waktu penyimpanan yang terlalu lama. Penyimpanan benih umbi pada suhu 5-10 0 C selama 3-4 minggu menghasilkan pembungaan >85% di dataran tinggi (Rosliani et al, 2012), sekitar 30%-43% di dataran rendah (Rosliani et al, 2013;Kurniasari et al, 2017). Sementara penyimpanan 12 minggu pada suhu ruang tidak menghasilkan pembungaan sama sekali karena induksi pembungaan bawang merah tidak terjadi pada suhu ruang.…”