Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Famili Fabaceae untuk Pengobatan Penyakit Liver oleh Pengobat Tradisional Berbagai Etnis di Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract
 Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally. Recently, its prevalence and mortality rate continue to increase. It was reported that Indonesia’s hepatitis prevalence was 1.2% in 2013. Indonesia is the world second largest megabiodiversity country and inhabited by 1,068 ethnicities. Both are assets to explore medicinal plants as well as local knowledge to overcome various diseases. Ethnomedicine research by the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) of Republic of Indonesia in year of 2012, 2015, and 2017 resulted in local etnopharmacology and medicinal plants in Indonesia. One important information is data on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of liver disease by traditional healers from various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Analysis of the information set shows that the most widely used plant species for the treatment of liver disease by battra are included in Fabaceae family. Therefore, further studies of the literature regarding the use of empirical, compound content, therapeutic activities and pharmacology of plant species are used as support or even correction for their use in the treatment of liver disease. Various properties as antibiotics (against viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), anti-inflammation, antioxidants, hepatoprotectors, and immunomodulators support the use of these species for the treatment of liver disease. Further research is needed to provide basic data on its use in traditional medicine, obtain and develop new drug compounds, and reveal broader use, not to mention toxic and anti-nutritional compounds. This information is expected to be useful for those who are involved in the ethnobotany, botany, pharmacognosy, and pharmacology fields.
 Abstrak
 Penyakit liver termasuk salah satu penyakit yang menjadi penyebab kematian utama secara global, dengan angka kematian terus mengalami peningkatan. Hepatitis merupakan salah satu penyakit liver, prevalensi di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 mencapai 1,2%. Sebagai negara megabiodiversitas nomor dua di dunia yang dihuni oleh 1.068 etnis/suku bangsa, Indonesia kaya akan tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit. Riset etnomedisin oleh Badan Litbang Kesehatan RI pada tahun 2012, 2015, dan 2017 menghasilkan metadata pengetahuan lokal etnofarmakologi dan tumbuhan obat Indonesia. Salah satu informasi pentingnya yaitu data pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat untuk pengobatan penyakit liver oleh pengobat tradisional (battra) dari berbagai etnis di Indonesia. Analisis terhadap set informasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa spesies tumbuhan paling banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit liver termasuk dalam famili Fabaceae. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan studi literatur mengenai pemanfaatan empiris, kandungan senyawa, aktivitas terapeutik dan farmakologi spesies-spesies tumbuhan tersebut sebagai dukungan atau bahkan koreksi terhadap pemanfaatannya untuk pengobatan penyakit liver. Berbagai khasiat sebagai antibiotik (terhadap virus, bakteri, parasit, jamur), anti-inflamasi, antioksidan, hepatoprotektor, dan imunomodulator menyokong pemanfaatan spesies tersebut untuk pengobatan penyakit liver. Penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan untuk memberikan data dasar penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional, mendapat dan mengembangkan senyawa obat baru, serta mengungkap pemanfaatan yang lebih luas tak terkecuali pula terhadap senyawa toksik dan anti-nutrisi. Informasi ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi yang menggeluti bidang etnobotani, botani, farmakognosi, dan farmakologi.

Eksplorasi Jenis dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Di Bumi Patowonua, Kabupaten Kolaka Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara

“…Famili Fabaceae mengandung senyawa fenol, serta turunan flavonoid. Dengan adanya senyawa tersebut maka diyakini bahwa Famili Fabaceae memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamasi dan hepatoprotektor (Widodo et al, 2019). Secara empiris masyarakat Bumi Patowonua menggunakan tanaman ini sebagai obat penyakit kuning dengan cara direbus kulit batang petai dan diminum 2 kali sehari ½ gelas.…”

New Record: Ethnobotany of "Buah Tarasi" (Cassia javanica L.) in Sukabumi and Cianjur, West Java

“…Apart from that, the fruit pods resemble Cassia fistula L. pods but only contain yellow seeds and no pith overall, and the fruit is used as a laxative [2]. Apart from that, this species is used for house construction in Indonesia and West Africa [3]; a road shade plant with the name rainbow shower in Southern Florida, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico, and across Central America [4], the seeds are used by the Muyu Tribe Soa Village, Merauke, Papua for hunting [5], the stems are used as offering posts or corner posts in the Dawan tribe of Timor [6], medicinal plants in Lookeu village, West Tasifeto Sub-district, Belu District [7], stem bark for the treatment of liver disease by battra (herbalists) of various ethnicities in Indonesia [8]. The fruit treats constipation, high blood pressure, and weak nerves [9].…”

Morphology characterization and phytochemical overview of the Moluccan Ironwood Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze, a living collection of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia

“…In addition to considering the risk of extinction, awareness of plant conservation can also be raised by increasing the useful value of the plants. So far, I. bijuga has been used as traditional medicines in various countries including Philippines, Madagascar, Vanuatu, and Papua New Guinea to treat various diseases such as rheumatism, dysentery, urinary tract infections, asthma, diabetes, ulcers, and fractures (Norscia 2006;Koch et al 2015), while in Indonesia, its bark is used as a medicine for flatulence and liver (Widodo et al 2018). These various benefits are of course related to its various chemical compounds.…”