Pedestrian dynamics at the running of the bulls evidence an inaccessible region in the fundamental diagram

Parisi, Daniel R.; Sartorio, Alan G; Colonnello, Joaquín R; Garcimartín, Ángel; Pugnaloni, Luis A.; Zuriguel, Iker

doi:10.1073/pnas.2107827118

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…According to the previous studies [34,35], the walking speed of pedestrians would be influenced by the surrounding pedestrians. In the mixed crowd, the walking speed of group members was not only influenced by the surrounding pedestrians, but also influenced by the other members in the same group.…”

Section: Walking Behavior Of Pedestrians In Bidirectional Pedestrian ...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Walking characteristics and collision avoidance strategy in bidirectional pedestrian flow: a study focused on the influence of social groups

Zhang¹,

Gao²,

Han³

et al. 2022

J. Stat. Mech.

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The walking characteristics and collision avoidance strategies in bidirectional pedestrian flow with both individuals and groups under three different pedestrian densities were investigated experimentally in the present study. The results showed that pedestrians formed lanes in bidirectional flow, and the lane number basically increased with pedestrian density. In addition, the lane number was positively related to the number of groups in the first row of the two opposite crowds. Compared with the no-group experiments, the walking speed of pedestrians showed less difference in the experiments with groups. The fundamental diagram of the bidirectional pedestrian flow with groups under different pedestrian density conditions was calculated. Three types of collision avoidance strategies, detouring around conflicting pedestrians, passing through the conflicting group in the middle, and group splitting, were summarised based on the experimental results. The statistical results of the three collision avoidance strategies adopted by different size groups under the low, medium, and high pedestrian density conditions were obtained. It was found that the large group was more likely to split into subgroups when they encountered conflicting pedestrians, while the small group was more likely to detour around the conflicting pedestrians. For the same group size, the larger the pedestrian density, the higher the proportion of groups that would choose to split into subgroups during the collision avoidance process.

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Section: Walking Behavior Of Pedestrians In Bidirectional Pedestrian ...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Walking characteristics and collision avoidance strategy in bidirectional pedestrian flow: a study focused on the influence of social groups

Zhang¹,

Gao²,

Han³

et al. 2022

J. Stat. Mech.

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“…The desired velocity (which is the parameter that controls the anxiety level) was varied in the interval 1 m/s ≤ v d ≤ 6 m/s. Although the upper limit (v d = 6 m/s) may seem rather extreme, recent empirical measurements at San Fermín bull-running festival in Pamplona shows that non-professional runners can achieve velocities v ∼ 6 m/s [28].…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster and safer evacuations induced by closed vestibules

Sticco¹,

A.²,

O.³

2022

Preprint

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Improving emergency evacuations is a top priority in human safety and in pedestrian dynamics. In this paper, we use the social force model, in order to optimize high-anxiety pedestrian evacuations. We explore two architectural layouts, the 1-door vestibule, and the 2-doors vestibule. The "vestibule" is defined as the room next to the exit door and it is characterized by two structural parameters: the vestibule width (d) and the vestibule door width (w). We found that, specific values of d and w, can almost double the evacuation flow compared to the no-vestibule scenario. The key to this achievement is that the density (close to the exit door) can be controlled by d and w. Therefore, it is possible to tune these parameters to a density that maximizes the available space while preventing the formation of blocking clusters at the exit door (ρ ∼ 2.5 p/m 2 ).As opposed to the optimal condition, low-density values (ρ ∼ 1 p/m 2 ) lead to suboptimal flow since there is unused space left; while higher density values (ρ ∼ 4 p/m 2 ) also lead to suboptimal flow due to the presence of blocking clusters at the exit. Moreover, we take into account the usually foreseen fact that high pressures can actually be reached at the exit, threatening the health of pedestrians. Therefore, we studied the crowd pressure using the agents' overlap as an indicative. We found that the explored vestibules reduce the crowd pressure compared to the no-vestibule situation. In particular, we show that the 2-doors vestibule scenario performs better than the 1-door vestibule, because it

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“…In this perspective, corrected forms of fundamental diagrams have been proposed that entail bidirectional ("counterflowing") traffic within a link (38, 52; for the bidirectional equivalent of a link capacity, see 45), turns (53), intersections (11,54), and junctions (55). Finally, the fundamental diagram has been computed even for high velocities by tracking escaping pedestrians in the context of the tradition of the Running of the Bulls in Pamplona, Spain (33).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of Human Crowds

Corbetta

Toschi

2023

Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.

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Understanding the behavior of human crowds is a key step toward a safer society and more livable cities. Despite the individual variability and will of single individuals, human crowds, from dilute to dense, invariably display a remarkable set of universal features and statistically reproducible behaviors. Here, we review ideas and recent progress in employing the language and tools from physics to develop a deeper understanding about the dynamics of pedestrians. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Pedestrian dynamics at the running of the bulls evidence an inaccessible region in the fundamental diagram

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Walking characteristics and collision avoidance strategy in bidirectional pedestrian flow: a study focused on the influence of social groups

Walking characteristics and collision avoidance strategy in bidirectional pedestrian flow: a study focused on the influence of social groups

Faster and safer evacuations induced by closed vestibules

Physics of Human Crowds

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