Peak power output, the lactate threshold, and time trial performance in cyclists

Bentley, David J.; McNaughton, Lars R.; Thompson, Dylan; Vleck, Veronica; Batterham, Alan M.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200112000-00016

Cited by 104 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tradicionalmente, o LL tem sido identificado em diferentes tipos de exercícios, especialmente de características cíclicas 5 , e mais recentemente no exercício resistido (ER), com grande validade ecológica, por ser amplamente empregado na avaliação e prescrição do exercício no treinamento atlético e na reabilitação física 6 , visando benefícios cardiovasculares 7 , neuromusculares 8 e metabólicos 9 . No entanto, sua prescrição utiliza-se basicamente de métodos tradicionais para avaliação e acompanhamento da evolução no treinamento físico.…”

Section: Resumen Introducción: El Umbral Anaeróbico Se Identifica Comunclassified

Limiar Anaeróbio a Partir Da Pse Em Exercício Resistido Por Modelos Matemáticos

Arsa

Cambri

Silva

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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reSUmoIntrodução: O limiar anaeróbio é comumente identificado em exercícios cíclicos, contudo, também pode ser determinado no exercício resistido (ER) por diferentes métodos, e assim, estimar a carga de trabalho relacionada ao estresse metabólico. No entanto, sua identificação a partir de outros métodos como o modelo matemático da DMáx e principalmente por variáveis mais acessíveis, como a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), ainda não foi analisada. Objetivo: Comparar o limiar de lactato (LL) identificado pelo método de inspeção visual (LL IV ) com o método da DMáx aplicado nas respostas do lactato (LL DMáx ) e da PSE (PSE 12/13 e PSE DMáx ) durante exercício resistido incremental. Métodos: Dez praticantes de ER (24,8 ± 3,0 anos) foram submetidos ao teste de uma repetição máxima (1-RM) e a um teste incremental no leg-press, obtendo-se a PSE e o lactato em cada estágio. Resultados: Foi possível identificar o limiar anaeróbio por todos os métodos, entre 30% a 40% de 1-RM. As cargas absolutas, concentrações de lactato sanguíneo e PSE não foram diferentes entre os métodos empregados e apresentaram boa concordância entre si. Conclusão: É possível identificar o limiar anaeróbio tanto por inspeção visual quanto pelo modelo matemático de DMáx para o lactato e PSE, ampliando as possibilidades de determinação do limiar anaeróbio no exercício resistido por métodos de baixo custo e não invasivos.descritores: limiar anaeróbio; esforço físico; treinamento de resistência. ABSTRACT introduction: the anaerobic threshold is commonly identified in cyclic exercises, however it can also be identified on resistance exercise (re) by different methods, and thus can estimate the workload related to metabolic stress. however, its identification by other methods such as mathematical model of dmax and primarily by more accessible variables such as perceived exertion (Pe) has not yet been analyzed. objective: to compare the lactate threshold (lt) identified by visual inspection method (lt

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Section: Resumen Introducción: El Umbral Anaeróbico Se Identifica Comunclassified

Limiar Anaeróbio a Partir Da Pse Em Exercício Resistido Por Modelos Matemáticos

Arsa

Cambri

Silva

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…The determination of physiological variables, such as the anaerobic threshold and maximal oxygen uptake, will help in realization of the major requirement for coaches and athletes: to define the endurance performances of athletes (Bentley et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Athletes and Non-athletes Based on the Latent Structure of Some Biometric Variables

Rexhepi¹,

Brestovci

2013

Int. J. Morphol.

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. Discrimination of athletes and non-athletes based on the latent structure of some biometric variables. Int. J. Morphol., 31(3):957-962, 2013. SUMMARY:The aim of this exploratory study was to explore impact of organized physical activities on the latent structure of some morpho-functional variables. Discrimination between group of athletes (167 entities, aged 22.4 years) and group of non-athletes (150 entities, aged 25.7 years) has been explored in latent structure of 12 morphometric variables, 4 physiological variables and 7 hematological variables. The significant differences between athletes and non-athletes on four extracted latent factors, were explored through Canonical Discriminant Analyses. The confirmed significant differences between two explored groups indicate the impact of regular and well organized physical activities on morphometric characteristics, physiological abilities, and hematological parameters. The results of this exploratory study may encourage us to compose and to apply well organized physical activities for children, elders, and overweight persons that will be profitable for their health.

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“…For example, an early study by Farrell et al [59] reported stronger relationships (r ≥ 0.91; all p < 0.05) between the treadmill velocity corresponding to the onset of plasma lactate accumulation (defined as the velocity just prior to the exponential increase in plasma [La -]) and running performances over 3.2 -42.2 km in experienced male distance runners, than between V O2max and performance (r = 0.83-0.91; all p < 0.05; n = 18) [59] . Subsequent investigations have provided support for these findings and although LT2 determination methods are now quite diverse, research has consistently shown that LT2 parameters are stronger correlates of endurance performance than V O2max is [5,10,17,74] . 36 Bishop et al [10,17] reported in two separate studies that 1 h cycle time trial performance correlated more strongly with LT2 measured via six different methods (r = 0.61-0.84; all p < 0.01 [10] and r = 0.71 -0.89; all p < 0.05 [17] ) than with V O2peak…”

Section: Fractional Utilisation Of V O 2 Maxmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nevertheless, V O2max may not be the most sensitive measure to detect performance changes throughout an athlete's season and subsequently, may not require frequent testing. In a highlytrained population it appears that changes in performance may be equally or more strongly correlated with other variables such as running economy [73] , the velocity [74,75] and power output [5,10] at V O2max and the fractional utilisation of V O2max (as determined through the assessment of lactate or ventilatory data) [5,6] . These findings will be discussed in subsequent sections of this review.…”

Section: O2max and Exercise Training In Trained Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a highly-trained population (i.e. those possessing physiological variables and/or a training/race status of a high level, as previously classified [4] ), it appears that changes in performance may be equally or more strongly correlated with other variables such as the fractional utilisation of V O2max (as determined through the assessment of lactate or ventilatory data) [5,6] . The second lactate threshold (LT2) is described as the exercise intensity indicating the upper limit of equilibrium between lactate production and clearance, i.e.…”

Section: Introduction To the Research Problemmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Sex differences and training adaptations in relation to the lactate threshold and endurance exercise performance

Fisher¹

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The second lactate threshold (LT2) has long been associated with endurance performance in trained endurance athletes. In Australia, the state institutes and academies of sport utilise the modified maximum deviation (D-max) method to determine LT2 in endurance athletes for the purpose of establishing training intensities and indicating whether athletes are appropriately adapting to training loads. For LT2 methods to be considered valid, it had been suggested that strong associations with simulated endurance performance and the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) are required. Although research has established a strong relationship between the modified D-max and endurance performance, there are gaps in the literature which this thesis aims to investigate. iii appropriate measurement of ovarian hormones. Therefore, the second study extended study one, to explore the same experimental aims, in endurance-trained women (n = 12) whilst controlling for ovarian hormone concentrations through the use of hormonal contraceptives. When comparing to the men's results from study one, power output and V O2 at LT2 were also found to be significantly correlated with 40 km cycling performance in endurance-trained women. Additionally, combining maximal (peak power output and V O2max) and fractional utilisation (V O2 and power output at LT2) variables produced the strongest prediction of performance in women (r 2 = 0.87) and men (r 2 = 0.95). In women, VT2 was significantly higher than LT2 for all variables measured, despite no differences observed for the men. More women (73%) than men (50%) completed 30 min of cycling and elicited a steady-state [La -] at their LT2 power output, despite LT2 being significantly higher than the self-selected power output during a 40 km cycling time trial in women.The final study examined the sensitivity of the modified D-max LT2 to adapt to a brief highintensity interval training (HIIT) intervention in already-endurance trained men (n = 9) and women (n = 8). Although not significant, women (but not men) showed a trend towards LT2 power output improvement (2.2%; p = 0.08) post-HIIT. Mean 40 km time trial performance significantly improved in both men (-1.7%) and women (-2.6%), with no difference in the magnitude of change between sexes. Furthermore, although LT2 power output explained 77% of the improvement in 40 km cycling performance in women, none of the measured variables explained the performance improvement in men, suggesting that mechanisms other than those responsible for the LT2 were involved. The LT2-performance relationship was intensity-dependent in both men and women, shown by significant correlations at post-HIIT but not baseline. Some of the sex-related differences may, at least in part, be explained by the influence of oestradiol, perhaps by the exacerbation of the sex-based differences in substrate metabolism and subsequent effects on [La -] and fatigue, and/or greater cardiovascular stress in men than women.Collectively, these studies improve understanding of the modifie...

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Peak power output, the lactate threshold, and time trial performance in cyclists

Abstract: The results of this study demonstrate that in subelite cyclists the relationship between maximum power output and the power output at the lactate threshold, obtained during an incremental exercise test, may change depending on the length of the TT that is completed.

Cited by 104 publications

References 26 publications

Limiar Anaeróbio a Partir Da Pse Em Exercício Resistido Por Modelos Matemáticos

Limiar Anaeróbio a Partir Da Pse Em Exercício Resistido Por Modelos Matemáticos

Discrimination of Athletes and Non-athletes Based on the Latent Structure of Some Biometric Variables

Sex differences and training adaptations in relation to the lactate threshold and endurance exercise performance

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