Pd nanoparticles for C–C coupling reactions

Abstract

The catalytic formation of C-C bonds is one of the most useful transformations in organic synthesis. Over the last decade, the use of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has attracted much interest and their use in C-C bond formation reactions constitutes one of their most important applications, including the Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions. This tutorial review highlights recent work in this active area, considering the stabilising agents used to prepare the NPs, the catalytic results and the recycling possibilities.

Magnetically Separable and Sustainable Nanostructured Catalysts for Heterogeneous Reduction of Nitroaromatics

“…The fabrication of various metal nanocatalysts supported on nano-sized solid materials has attracted considerable attention to resolve the problems pertaining to the unsupported nanocatalysts and environmental issues [46]. In order to control the catalytic properties and improve the stability of nanocatalysts, the catalytically-active metal NPs can be immobilized on nano-sized solid supports.…”

Natural reducing agents for electroless nanoparticle deposition: Mild synthesis of metal/carbon nanostructured microspheres

“…Recently, there has been great interest in the use of supported noble metal nanoparticles as catalysts; for example, Pd nanoparticles find important applications as catalysts in hydrogenation and C-C bond forming reactions like Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira coupling (see Refs. [2,3] and references therein). Immobilization of catalytically active Pd nanoparticles at solid supports facilitates catalyst removal and reaction work up when compared to homogeneous catalysts.…”

Recyclable nanoscale copper(i) catalysts in ionic liquid media for selective decarboxylative C–C bond cleavage

“…6 Nowadays metal nanoparticles, such as ruthenium, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] platinum, 16 iridium, [17][18][19] palladium, 5,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] cobalt, 32 and iron, 33 have great potential for application 34 in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, including hydrogenation, 7 hydrogenolysis, 35 Fischer-Tropsch reactions 32,36 and cross-coupling reactions. 4,5,21,23 Copper 37 and especially copper(I)oxide 38 nanoparticles combine the high catalytic activity of precious metals with easy availability and low cost. One drawback of neat metal and metal oxide nanoparticles is their poor recyclability and leaching effects leading to decreasing yields.…”