Pb-isotope evidence for the origin of lead in strata-bound Pb-Zn deposits in triassic carbonates of the Eastern and Southern Alps

Köppel, V.; Schroll, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00206657

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…6). A comparison with the lead isotope composition of the host-rock feldspars ( 206 Pb/ 204 indicates that the galena lead originates mainly from the crystalline basement and the Permian and Lower Triassic clastic sediments (Köppel and Schroll, 1988).…”

Section: Previous Geochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). The Topla deposit is distinguished from the Mežica and Bleiberg deposits due to the different tectonic position, the age of the host rocks, the stratiform nature of the ore and early diagenetic microtextures, zinc/lead concentration ratios, different sphalerite stratigraphy, and different ore trace element and lead isotope compositions (Štrucl, 1974;Schroll, 1983;Drovenik and Pungartnik, 1987;Köppel and Schroll, 1988;Kuhlemann, 1994;Placer, 1996). This paper presents the results of an extensive geochemical investigation of the Topla deposit, encompassing carbonate trace elements, stable isotope analyses of the carbonates ( 13 C/ 12 C, 18 O/ 16 O), and Rock-Eval pyrolysis, bulk ( 13 C/ 12 C, 15 N/ 14 N) and compound specific isotopic ( 13 C/ 12 C) study of Placer, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Mezica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia: Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation

Spangenberg¹,

Herlec²

2006

Economic Geology

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The Mississippi Valley-type zinc and lead deposits at Topla (250,150 metric tons (t) of ore grading 10 wt % Zn and 3.3 wt % Pb) and Mežica (19 million metric tons (Mt) of ore grading 5.3 wt % Pb and 2.7 wt % Zn) occur within the Middle to Upper Triassic platform carbonate rocks of the northern Karavanke/Drau Range geotectonic units of the Eastern Alps, Slovenia. The ore and host rocks of these deposits have been investigated by a combination of inorganic and organic geochemical methods to determine major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, hydrocarbon distribution, and stable isotope ratios of carbonates, kerogen, extractable organic matter, and individual hydrocarbons. These data combined with sedimentological evidence provide insight into the paleoenvironmental conditions at the site of ore formation. The carbonate isotope composition, the REE patterns, and the distribution of hydrocarbon biomarkers (normal alkanes and steranes) suggest a marine depositional environment. At Topla, a relatively high concentration of redox sensitive trace elements (V, Mo, U) in the host dolostones and REE patterns parallel to that of the North American shale composite suggest that sediments were deposited in a reducing environment. Anoxic conditions enhanced the preservation of organic matter and resulted in relatively higher total organic carbon contents (up to 0.4 wt %). The isotopic composition of the kerogen (δ 13 Ckerogen = -29.4 to -25.0‰, δ 15 Nkerogen = -13.6 to 6.8‰) suggests that marine algae and/or bacteria were the main source of organic carbon with a very minor contribution from detrital continental plants and a varying degree of alteration. Extractable organic matter from Topla ore is generally depleted in 13 C compared to the associated kerogen, which is consistent with an indigenous source of the bitumens. The mineralization correlates with δ 15 Nkerogen values around 0 per mil, 13 C depleted kerogen, 13 C enriched n-heptadecane, and relatively high concentrations of bacterial hydrocarbon biomarkers, indicating a high cyanobacterial biomass at the site of ore formation. Abundant dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria, feeding on the cyanobacterial remains, led to accumulation of biogenic H2S in the pore water of the sediments. This biogenic H2S was mainly incorporated into sedimentary organic matter and diagenetic pyrite. Higher bacterial activity at the ore site also is indicated by specific concentration ratios of hydrocarbons, which are roughly correlated with total Pb plus Zn contents. This correlation is consistent with mixing of hydrothermal metal-rich fluids and local bacteriogenic sulfide sulfur. The new geochemical data provide supporting evidence that Topla is a low-temperature Mississippi Valley-type deposit formed in an anoxic supratidal saline to hypersaline environment. A laminated cyanobacterial mat, with abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria was the main site of sulfate reduction.

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Section: Previous Geochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Mezica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia: Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation

Spangenberg¹,

Herlec²

2006

Economic Geology

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“…In particular, carbonate rocks are known to contain economic Zn-Pb deposits that are commonly referred to as the Mississippi Valleytype (MVT). In Europe, major occurrences of carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits are located in the UK, Ireland, Belgium, Austria, Slovenia and Poland (see e.g., LeHuray et al 1987;Kö ppel and Schroll 1988;Gó recka 1993;Haranczyk 1993;Dejonghe 1998). Many studies during the last two decades have demonstrated that an understanding of the source of metals, together with the nature and origin of the mineralizing fluids, are of critical importance in the genetic interpretation of such deposits (Hanor 1994;Rantitsch et al 1999;Banks et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plumbotectonic aspects of polymetallic vein mineralization in Paleozoic sediments and Proterozoic basement of Moravia (Czech Republic)

Slobodník

Jacher-Sliwczynska

Taylor

et al. 2007

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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A regional isotopic study of Pb and S in hydrothermal galenas and U-Pb and S in potential source rocks was carried out for part of Moravia, Czech Republic. Two major generations of veins, (syn-) Variscan and post-Variscan, are defined based on the Pb-isotope system together with structural constraints (local structures and regional trends). The Pb-isotopic compositions of galena plot in two distinct populations with outliers in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb-207 Pb/ 204 Pb space. Galena from veins hosted in greywackes provides a cluster with the lowest Pb-Pb ratios: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.15-18.27, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.59-15.61, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.11-38.23. Those hosted in both limestones and greywackes provide the second cluster: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.37-18.44, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.60-15.63, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.14-38.32. These clusters suggest model Pb ages as Early Carboniferous and Triassic-Jurassic, the latter associated with MVT-like deposits. Two samples from veins hosted in Proterozoic rocks lie outside the two clusters: in metagranitoid ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.55, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.64, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.29) and in orthogneiss ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.79, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.73, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.54).The results from these two samples suggest an interaction of mineralizing fluids with the radiogenic Pb-rich source (basement?). The values of d 34 S suggest the Paleozoic host rocks (mostly -6.7 to +5.2& CDT) as the source of S for hydrothermal sulfides (mostly -4.8 to +2.5& CDT). U-Pb data and Pb isotope evolutionary curves indicate that Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous sediments, especially siliciclastics, are the general dominant contributor of Pb for galena mineralization developed in sedimentary rocks. Plumbotectonic mixing occurred, it is deduced, only between the lower and the upper crust (the latter involving Proterozoic basement containing heterogeneous radiogenic Pb), without any significant input from the mantle. It is concluded that in the Moravo-Silesian and Rhenohercynian zones (including proximal districts in Poland) lead and sulfur have been mobilized from the adjacent rocks during multiple hydrothermal events in processes that are remarkably comparable in timing, geochemistry of fluids and nature of sources.

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“…This is exemplified by a 210± 4 Ma K/Ar age of whole rock samples of one andesite dyke from Szabadbattyán Stacey & Kramers (1975). The shaded boxes represent whole rock Pb isotope data of the three main tectonic units of the Alps (Köppel & Schroll 1988). The field bordered by dashed line represents lead isotope data from galena of Alpine-type Pb-Zn deposits along the PABL (Köppel 1983).…”

Section: Radiometric Age Constraints and Age Correlations With Adjoinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1 and 11). Köppel & Schroll (1988) proved the importance of early Paleozoic high-grade metamorphic crystalline basement rocks (gneiss, amphibolite, micaschist) as sources of metals in the Alpine-type lead-zinc deposits. High-grade metamorphic rocks are not known in the currently studied areas, but pebbles of such rocks were documented in a late Variscan molass formation, located close to the reconstructed pre-tectonic site (cf.…”

Section: Sources Of Pb In the Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triassic fluid mobilization and epigenetic lead-zinc sulphide mineralization in the Transdanubian Shear Zone (Pannonian Basin, Hungary)

Benkó¹,

Molnár²,

Lespinasse³

et al. 2014

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:A combined fluid inclusion, fluid inclusion plane, lead isotope and K/Ar radiometric age dating work has been carried out on two lead-zinc mineralizations situated along the Periadriatic-Balaton Lineament in the central part of the Pannonian Basin, in order to reveal their age and genetics as well as temporal-spatial relationships to other lead-zincfluorite mineralization in the Alp-Carpathian region. According to fluid inclusion studies, the formation of the quartzfluorite-galena-sphalerite veins in the Velence Mts is the result of mixing of low (0-12 NaCl equiv. wt. %) and high salinity (10-26 CaCl 2 equiv. wt. %) brines. Well-crystallized (R3-type) illite associated with the mineralized hydrothermal veins indicates that the maximum temperature of the hydrothermal fluids could have been around 250 °C. K/Ar radiometric ages of illite, separated from the hydrothermal veins provided ages of 209-232 Ma, supporting the Mid-to Late-Triassic age of the hydrothermal fluid flow. Fluid inclusion plane studies have revealed that hydrothermal circulation was regional in the granite, but more intensive around the mineralized zones. ) form a tight cluster indicating similar, upper crustal source of the lead in the two mineralizations. The nature of mineralizing fluids, age of the fluid flow, as well as lead isotopic signatures of ore minerals point towards a genetic link between epigenetic carbonate-hosted stratiform-stratabound Alpine-type lead-zinc-fluorite deposits in the Southern and Eastern Alps and the studied deposits in the Velence Mts and at Szabadbattyán. In spite of the differences in host rocks and the depth of the ore precipitation, it is suggested that the studied deposits along the Periadriatic-Balaton Lineament in the Pannonian Basin and in the Alps belong to the same regional scale fluid flow system, which developed during the advanced stage of the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The common origin and ore formation process is more evident considering results of large-scale palinspastic reconstructions. These suggest, that the studied deposits in the central part of the Pannonian Basin were located in a zone between the Eastern and Southern Alps until the Early Paleogene and were emplaced to their current location due to northeastward escape of large crustal blocks from the Alpine collision zone.Key words: Triassic, Velence Mts, Szabadbattyán, Periadriatic-Balaton Lineament System, lead isotopes, fluid inclusions, Alpine-type epigenetic lead-zinc mineralization.netic at Recsk and in the Velence Mts) is clearly or apparently controlled by the repeated reactivation of this fault system.Along the eastern segment of the PABL, in the central part of the Pannonian Basin two Paleozoic, allochthonous complexes, the Szabadbattyán Block and the Velence Mts crop out. The western part of the Velence Mts is built up of early Permian monzogranite, which is the host of vein-type fluorite-galena-sphalerite-calcite mineralization (hereinafter basemetal-fluorite veins). The near-by (30 km) Szabadbattyán Block is com...

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Pb-isotope evidence for the origin of lead in strata-bound Pb-Zn deposits in triassic carbonates of the Eastern and Southern Alps

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Mezica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia: Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation

Hydrocarbon Biomarkers in the Topla-Mezica Zinc-Lead Deposits, Northern Karavanke/Drau Range, Slovenia: Paleoenvironment at the Site of Ore Formation

Plumbotectonic aspects of polymetallic vein mineralization in Paleozoic sediments and Proterozoic basement of Moravia (Czech Republic)

Triassic fluid mobilization and epigenetic lead-zinc sulphide mineralization in the Transdanubian Shear Zone (Pannonian Basin, Hungary)

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