Zoned crystals of tourmaline (elbaite-foitite) were found in pockets of the lepidolite-subtype granitic pegmatites at Dobrá Voda, western Moravia, Czech Republic, and the White Queen mine, Pala, San Diego County, California. Zoned crystals consist of pale pink, colorless and greenish Fe-poor elbaite, blue, violet or green Fe-rich elbaite, and dark violet to black foitite. Elbaitefoitite is associated with quartz, cookeite, albite and apatite at Dobrá Voda, and with albite, quartz, K-feldspar, beryl, and muscovite at the White Queen mine. Chemical compositions of foitite and associated Fe-poor to Fe-rich elbaite are similar at both localities, and exhibit an X-site vacancy (≤0.78 apfu, in foitite), and variable amounts of Ca (≤0.05 apfu), Mn (≤0.47 apfu) and F (≤0.75 apfu, in elbaite), in contrast to foitite that in many cases is F-free. Two distinct stages of late Fe-enrichment in tourmaline were recognized, in contrast to Fe-depletion, noted in many granitic pegmatites. The first stage is generally characterized by increasing Fe and Na, and decreasing Al and Li contents; three substages show the following substitutions: (i) R 2 (LiAl)-1 , NaR 2 (OH) (X ⅪAl 2 O)-1 and (OH) F-1 for elbaite containing <0.3 Fe apfu at Dobrá Voda (R = Fe tot + Mn + Mg + Zn); (ii) Na R 2 (OH) (X ⅪAl 2 O)-1 or NaR (X ⅪAl)-1 and F (OH)-1 for Fe-rich elbaite with 0.5-1.0 Fe apfu; (iii) AlO 2 [Li(OH) 2 ]-1 and (OH) F-1 , perhaps combined with R 2 (LiAl)-1 for Fe-rich elbaite with 1.0-1.3 Fe apfu at the White Queen mine. The second stage involves formation of foitite via the X ⅪR(NaLi)-1 exchange and, at White Queen, also the substitution (OH) F-1. Foitite at Dobrá Voda crystallized from Fe-rich fluids at temperatures below ~400°C (as low as 300°C), on the basis of observed mineral assemblages, textural relations and results of experimental studies. Iron enrichment during the late stages of pegmatite crystallization recorded in Ferich elbaite, foitite, schorl and other minerals [micas, (Nb,Ta)-oxides] appears to be a widespread but volumetrically negligible process in complex granitic pegmatites. However, the source of Fe has not been sufficiently explained.

A regional isotopic study of Pb and S in hydrothermal galenas and U-Pb and S in potential source rocks was carried out for part of Moravia, Czech Republic. Two major generations of veins, (syn-) Variscan and post-Variscan, are defined based on the Pb-isotope system together with structural constraints (local structures and regional trends). The Pb-isotopic compositions of galena plot in two distinct populations with outliers in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb-207 Pb/ 204 Pb space. Galena from veins hosted in greywackes provides a cluster with the lowest Pb-Pb ratios: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.15-18.27, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.59-15.61, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.11-38.23. Those hosted in both limestones and greywackes provide the second cluster: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.37-18.44, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.60-15.63, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.14-38.32. These clusters suggest model Pb ages as Early Carboniferous and Triassic-Jurassic, the latter associated with MVT-like deposits. Two samples from veins hosted in Proterozoic rocks lie outside the two clusters: in metagranitoid ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.55, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.64, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.29) and in orthogneiss ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 18.79, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.73, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 38.54).The results from these two samples suggest an interaction of mineralizing fluids with the radiogenic Pb-rich source (basement?). The values of d 34 S suggest the Paleozoic host rocks (mostly -6.7 to +5.2& CDT) as the source of S for hydrothermal sulfides (mostly -4.8 to +2.5& CDT). U-Pb data and Pb isotope evolutionary curves indicate that Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous sediments, especially siliciclastics, are the general dominant contributor of Pb for galena mineralization developed in sedimentary rocks. Plumbotectonic mixing occurred, it is deduced, only between the lower and the upper crust (the latter involving Proterozoic basement containing heterogeneous radiogenic Pb), without any significant input from the mantle. It is concluded that in the Moravo-Silesian and Rhenohercynian zones (including proximal districts in Poland) lead and sulfur have been mobilized from the adjacent rocks during multiple hydrothermal events in processes that are remarkably comparable in timing, geochemistry of fluids and nature of sources.

The effects of climate change on the distribution and biology of fisheries species have received substantial attention, but quantitative assessments of changes to taste and aroma determining compounds remain limited—despite sensory quality being a key driver of demand for most harvested species. Utilising the economically important blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus), we tested the effects of temperature and salinity treatments aligned with near-future climate change projections on volatile and non-volatile sensory compounds that determine seafood flavour. Volatile compounds were analysed using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and non-volatiles were identified using liquid chromatography (mass spectrometry analysis). Multivariate analyses revealed that temperature, but not salinity, significantly affected the compositions of both volatile and non-volatile compounds in crab meat following a 30-day exposure period. Univariate analyses highlighted significant reductions in amino acids and amines associated with bitter and sweet organoleptic properties following exposure to elevated temperature. These results imply the potential for climate change to alter taste and aroma determining compounds in seafood, which could affect future harvesting priorities. Assessments of seafood sensory quality under climate change can produce valuable information to help predict shifts in fishing effort for harvested species that form the basis of important global fisheries.

of patients at the basal and final visits respectively. 93% (nϭ240) of patients received chemotherapy in first line and 78.2% received targeted therapies (mainly erlotinib) as second line therapies. Twenty-six percent of patients demonstrated disease progression at the final visit but FACT-L scores showed no difference between visits; 48.8% of patients reported unchanged perceived health status and 28.1% reported an improvement. Patient and physician LCSS scores showed 86.4% of patients reported more symptoms than their physician but that there were no differences between visits. The impact of symptoms on daily life was slightly lower at the final than the basal visit. Statistically significant differences were observed between disease progression and the impact of cough (p ϭ 0.040) and pain (p ϭ 0.02), and also between the LCSS scale score (p Ͻ0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Stability and improvement of some symptoms corresponded to lower impact of the same symptoms on patients. The number and type of symptoms were related to HRQoL and the degree to which patient daily life was affected.

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