Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of Na+ deprivation on the response of rat uterine smooth muscle to angiotensin II (AII). Replacement of Na+ with Li+ in a low-Ca2+-, Mg2+-free solution resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of both AII and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions. Inhibition was noted at 10% Li+ substitution and was usually complete when 50% of the Na+ was replaced by Li+. The inhibition was not observed when an equivalent amount of tris(hyroxymethyl)aminomethand (Tris+) or sucrose was used to replace Na+. However, elevation of Ca2+ concentration from 0.2 to 0.5 mM did prevent full expression of the Li+ inhibition of AII. The Li+ effect was rapid in onset (60% inhibition after 5 min preincubation) and readily reversible following removal of the Li+. If, however, the tissue was placed in a depolarizing solution (151 mM KCL), Li+ inhibition of AII WAS NO LONGER OBSERVED. These results are interpreted to mean that Li+ interferes with an essential Ca2+-dependent step involved in membrane excitation following agonist-receptor interaction. The results are discussed in relation to a previously suggested model for AII-induced contractions in this tissue.
of patients at the basal and final visits respectively. 93% (nϭ240) of patients received chemotherapy in first line and 78.2% received targeted therapies (mainly erlotinib) as second line therapies. Twenty-six percent of patients demonstrated disease progression at the final visit but FACT-L scores showed no difference between visits; 48.8% of patients reported unchanged perceived health status and 28.1% reported an improvement. Patient and physician LCSS scores showed 86.4% of patients reported more symptoms than their physician but that there were no differences between visits. The impact of symptoms on daily life was slightly lower at the final than the basal visit. Statistically significant differences were observed between disease progression and the impact of cough (p ϭ 0.040) and pain (p ϭ 0.02), and also between the LCSS scale score (p Ͻ0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Stability and improvement of some symptoms corresponded to lower impact of the same symptoms on patients. The number and type of symptoms were related to HRQoL and the degree to which patient daily life was affected.
When exploring within person change over time, ASUI consistently demonstrated higher effect sizes than EQ-5D-5L both in patients improving and worsening according to other study outcomes including self-assessed response to treatment, exacerbations, lung function, asthma control, and activity limitation. ConClusions: More favourable distributional properties and responsiveness to change in disease status were observed for a disease-specific utility instrument (ASUI) when compared to EQ-5D-5L, a generic utility instrument. Generic instruments may not adequately or sufficiently capture and reflect important changes in quality of life associated with severe asthma.
PRS51ExPloRing ThE BuRdEn of illnESS and imPacT of SQ-STandaRdiSEd gRaSS allERgy immunoThERaPy TaBlET TREaTmEnT (aiT) on QualiTy of lifE (Qol) in PaTiEnTS wiTh allERgic RhiniTiS (aR) in gERmany and ThE nEThERlandS
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