Patterns of Mutualistic Interactions in Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Connectance, Dependence Asymmetries, and Coevolution

Jordano, Pedro

doi:10.1086/284665

Cited by 696 publications

(786 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Although we should be careful when interpreting the topological metrics of the bat or bird subnetworks -as they are very small -these results are consistent with the hypothesis that mutualistic modules formed by phylogenetically related species are tiny worlds (BEZERRA et al 2009) within small worlds , i.e., subnetworks with higher cohesiveness than whole networks. They also corroborate the hypothesis that plant-animal mutualisms at the community level are mosaics of subsystems with different structure and dynamics (JORDANO (1987). This conclusion is also supported by the much higher modularity observed in the mixed seed-dispersal network as compared with single-taxon networks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Partitioning of seed dispersal services between birds and bats in a fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Sarmento¹,

Alves-Costa²,

Ayub³

et al. 2014

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Partitioning of seed dispersal services between birds and bats in a fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Sarmento¹,

Alves-Costa²,

Ayub³

et al. 2014

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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“…Two earlier reviews, however, concluded that the frequency of occurrence of specialized pollination syndromes is about the same at different latitudes Baker 1983, Kevan andBaker 1999). In addition, generalization seems lower for some pollinator taxa (stingless bee, euglossine bees, and fig wasps) than for others (hummingbirds and bumblebees) (Jordano 1987). How these findings relate to each other is not directly clear, because some groups of pollinators (and food plants) are largely temperate whereas others are exclusively tropical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Social bee food plant relationships have been studied extensively (reviewed in Roubik, 1989, Ramalho et al 1990), but food web theory (e.g. Jordano 1987, Dunne et al 2002 has rarely been used to study the characteristics of the two-mode network of social bees and their food plants. We analyzed 27 complete datasets of social bee-food plant interactions and examine (1) the patterns of generalization in these networks and (2) the influence of a series of ecological factors, altitude, latitude, habitat, on generalization levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectance of Brazilian social bee: food plant networks is influenced by habitat, but not by latitude, altitude or network size

et al. 2005

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Several recent studies suggest that the level of generalization (measured as percentage connectance) of plantpollinator networks has several ecological correlates, e.g. latitude and altitude. Here we report on levels of generalization in 27 two-mode networks of social bees and their food plants in various Brazilian habitats and urban environments. Social bees are generalist foragers and are among the most abundant flower visitors in Brazil. They probably account for 30-50% of all plant -flower visitor interactions. Connectance was significantly influenced by habitat. Cerrado forests showed lower connectance than the dry dune habitats, with Atlantic rain forest and urban sites taking intermediate position and arid Caatinga being similar to dunes. This shows that generalization in a plant -flower visitor community can be influenced by habitat even within a group of generalist flower visitors, in our case social bees. We show that the strength of the interactions is not different between Cerrado and semi-arid habitats (dunes and Caatinga) and discuss other explanations for our findings.Key words: Pollination, stingless bees, Meliponini, Apis, Bombus, food plants. ResumoVários estudos recentes mostram que o nível de generalização (medido como porcentagem de conectância) das redes plantas-polinizadores apresentam várias correlações ecológicas, como latitude e longitude. Neste trabalho, apresentamos os níveis de generalização em 27 redes de dois-modos de abelhas sociais e das plantas que lhes servem de alimento em vários habitats e ambientes urbanos brasileiros. As abelhas sociais são forrageiras generalistas e estão entre os visitantes florais mais abundantes no Brasil. Provavelmente, são responsáveis por 30 a 50% de todas as interações entre plantas e visitantes florais. A conectância é significativamente influenciada pelo habitat. Os cerrados apresentaram uma menor conectância do que as dunas, a Mata Atlântica e os ambientes urbanos ocuparam uma posição intermediária, e a caatinga árida apresentou um grau de conectância semelhante às dunas. Isso mostra claramente que a generalização nas comunidades de visitantes florais e plantas pode ser influenciada pelo habitat, mesmo em um mesmo grupo de visitantes, como, no nosso caso, as abelhas sociais. Nós provamos que a força das interações não é diferente entre o cerrado e os habitats semi-áridos (dunas e caatinga) e discutimos outras explicações para nossas interpretações. Palavras

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“…Frugivorous birds represent 56% of the world's avian families and, in Neotropical forests, 25 to 30% of the avifauna includes fruits in their diet (Pizo & Galetti 2010). According to Jordano (1987), studies of frugivory by birds in tropical forests are relatively well reported (e.g., Snow 1981, Jordano 1987, Galetti & Pizo 1996, Medellín & Gaona 1999, Silva & Tabarelli 2000, Bascompte et al 2003, Saracco et al 2005. It is estimated that 50 to 90% of tree species in tropical forests produce zoochorous fruit (Howe & Smallwood 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between frugivorous birds and plants in savanna and forest formations of the Cerrado

et al. 2014

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We recorded interactions between frugivorous birds and plants in the Cerrado and we assessed the role and importance of birds as potential seed dispersers. We analyzed the distribution of recorded feeding events, bird-plant interactions, and bird species composition between savanna and forest formations and between the dry and rainy seasons. Samplings were carried out from August 2009 to October 2010 and from November 2011 to August 2012 by means of line transects and focal observations. We recorded 348 feeding events and 187 interactions involving 44 plant species and 60 bird species. Most of the feeding events were observed in the forests and during the dry season (χ2 = 39.529; gl = 1; p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in the number of interactions (χ2 = 15.975; gl = 1; p = 0.06) between the two vegetation formations and between seasons. The bird species composition differed between savanna and forest formations (ANOSIM, R = 0.238; p < 0.001) and between the dry and rainy seasons (ANOSIM, R = 0.223; p < 0.001). Most of the potential seed dispersers were generalist birds that preferentially occupy forests during the dry season. Records of feeding events in forest formations increased in the dry season, indicating that birds use these sites as foraging areas during this period. We suggest that the preservation of forests in predominantly savanna-like ecosystems such as the Cerrado is extremely important for frugivorous birds and for frugivore-plant interactions.

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Patterns of Mutualistic Interactions in Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Connectance, Dependence Asymmetries, and Coevolution

Cited by 696 publications

References 81 publications

Partitioning of seed dispersal services between birds and bats in a fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Partitioning of seed dispersal services between birds and bats in a fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Connectance of Brazilian social bee: food plant networks is influenced by habitat, but not by latitude, altitude or network size

Interactions between frugivorous birds and plants in savanna and forest formations of the Cerrado

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