Pattern of sexually transmitted infections in a Muslim majority region of North India

Abstract

Background:Changing trends of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS has been noted in the literature over years, depending to some extent on the geographical and cultural factors of the region. In Kashmir Valley also, the pattern of STI may be different from the rest of the country.Aims of the Study:The aim was to present the experience with patterns of STI in Kashmir.Materials and Methods:Retrospective hospital-based study carried out by detailed analysis of case records of 5-year period.Results:A total of 184 patients, 100 males and 84 females, had specific STI. Genital ulcer disease was the presentation in 54 patients (29.35%), out of which herpes genitalis was found in 27 patients (50%), followed by chancroid in 13 (24.07%) and syphilis in 10 (18.52%) patients. 42 female patients (22.83%) presented with vaginal discharge, out of which, 24 (57.14%) had vaginal candidiasis. 24 males (13.04%) presented with urethral discharge, out of which, 15 (62.5%) had nongonococcal and 9 (37.5%) gonococcal urethritis. Genital molluscum contagiosum (MC) was found in 19 patients (10.33%), and warts in 15 (8.15%). HIV positive serology was detected in 3 patients (1.63%).Conclusion:The most common STI encountered in our study was genital ulcer, followed by vaginal discharge, urethritis, genital MC, and genital warts. Herpes genitalis was the commonest genital ulcer; candidiasis was the most common cause of vaginal discharge and nongonococcal urethritis the most common cause of urethritis. These findings are by and large similar to those noted in other parts of our country.

Pattern of sexually transmitted infections in a district hospital from Himachal Pradesh

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In our study, females (87.5%) outnumbered the males (12.5%), which was in strike contradiction to the earlier studies where the majority of the patients were males. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] This might be due to increased referral to STI clinic from Gynaecological OPDs in our case as compared to other studies.…”

“…22.83% females presented with vaginal discharge (57.14% of which had vaginal candidiasis) and 13.04% males presented with urethral discharge ( 2/3 had NGU and 1/3 had gonococcal urethritis). 18 In the present study, the commonest STI in males was balanoposthitis (36.3%), followed by genital scabies (29.4%) and Herpes genitalis (20.6%). In females, cervical/vaginal discharge (80.4%) was the most frequently reported STI followed by LAP (17.1%), and genital herpes (1.3%).…”

“…Study of prevalence of STIs is important to know about their incidence at a particular place and to plan and implement appropriate control strategies. 2 A number of regional studies are available from different parts of India, [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] but none from this region. The pattern of STIs in these studies varies widely.…”

Prevalence and Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh

“…21,22 The female outnumber the male at ICTC and STI clinic where male female ratio is 1:1.25 at ICTC (fig-1) and 1:1.24 at STI (fig-2) clinic, while in most studies male outnumber the female. 11,12,13,14 More female in the current study might be because of more ANC referrals and better follow-up. In the age group of 22-25 year females are more infected than the male ( fig.…”

“…However, the availability of baseline information on the epidemiology of STIs and other associated risk behaviours are bottleneck in the designing, implementing, and monitoring successful targeted interventions. 8,9,10 A number of regional studies are available from different parts of India 11,12,13,14 , but none from the current area of study. The retrospective cross-sectional study was aimed to understand the pattern and correlation of STIs and the HIV prevalence from a tertiary care hospital in Chamba (Himachal Pradesh) which is remotely rural and tribal, over a period of 5 years (Jan 2013 to Dec 2017).…”