Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) majorly affect the reproductive age group and results into dire consequences like ano-genital cancer, ectopic pregnancy, foetal wastage, infertility and premature death. Additionally, STIs are associated with increased risk of transmission of Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Epidemiological study is the key to understand the prevailing disease pattern, required for better implementation of policy, and targeted intervention needed to control the progression of STIs. Present retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out to understand the prevalence and epidemiological pattern in the region.Material and methods: Data was procured from the case records maintained in the ICTC and STI clinic attached to the Gynaecology outpatient department (OPD) of our tertiary care centre, from January, 2013 to December, 2017. Subjects were clinically evaluated by the trained physician. All the test and treatment was done according to the WHO guidelines. Results:The total attendance at Integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC) and STI clinic was 31,028 and 24,657 respectively. Female ratio was in order of 1: 1.25 and 1: 1.24 in ICTC and STI clinic. Age group 22-44 year was found to have more STIs. 95.47% patients who attended STI clinic were syndromic and 4.52% were asymptomatic. Attendance at STI clinic (r 2 =0.97) and ICTC (r 2 =0.86%) increased gradually by annually. Month of June to September was the months of high attendance and high disease prevalence. Conclusion:Increased attendance at ICTC and STI clinic depicts the STI awareness and better implementation of the WHO policies in the region. However, syndromic management and asymptomatic case detection at point of care are the keys to control the STIs.

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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), which is ordinarily a very invasive tumor and often takes a rapid and fatal course, sometimes shows macroscopic intra bile duct extension. We present a case of a 45-year-old Indian gentleman who presented with jaundice. Further evaluation with contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen revealed mass lesion in segment 4 of liver with extension into the bile duct. A formal left hepatectomy with gall bladder and bile duct tumour thrombus extraction with bile duct excision followed by a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. Intra bile duct growth of ICC may reflect indolent biological behavior and thus warrants an aggressive surgical approach, which appears to give a good prognosis.

Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Trillium govanianum, a trans-Himalayan medicinal plant extract, against multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Methods Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by adopting a green approach. Optimization and characterization of TG-AgNPs were carried out using UV-VIS spectroscopy, TEM, and FTIR. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and antibiofilm activity of the crude extract, as well as TG-nanoparticles, were evaluated. Furthermore, their effect on cell morphology and cell permeability was also analyzed using FESEM. Results Crude extracts of roots of T. govanianum exerted remarkable antifungal activity against multiple strains of Candida auris. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles to plant extract significantly improved the antifungal and antibiofilm activities against the tested strains in a synergistic manner. Conclusion Silver nanoparticles synthesized using Trillium govanianum extract provide eco-friendly, biocompatible nanostructures with antifungal activity and have the potential for use as a therapeutic/nutraceutical agent.

Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Normal microbiota turned opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata and pathogenic Candida auris are becoming major health concerns globally. Antimicrobial resistance is growing gradually now, even the newer antibiotics alone are not able to completely irradicate the resistant microorganisms. This dire situation reflects the need to have an alternative regime, especially with a diverse range of applicability. Nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants are emerging as potent antifungal agents to battle against fungal pathogens with unique antimicrobial properties. Secondary metabolites obtained from the herbs like alkaloids, carbohydrates, esters, flavonoids, glycosides, lignin, phenol, steroids, tannin, etc are robust therapeutic and immune-modulator compounds. The selected herbs (Aconitum heterophyllum, Allium ursinum, Paris polyphylla, Podophyllum hexandrum, Rheum austral, and Selenium vaginatum) in this study have a diversity of activity expression and had multiple medicinal usages traditionally. Extract of medicinal plants was produced and used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles preparation. After the synthesis of nano-particles antimicrobial activity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Biofilm activity and metabolic activity of the fungal cells after treatment with extracts and their nanoparticles were determined by crystal violet and XTT assay. Nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, and TEM. Extracts from the medicinal plants show potent antimicrobial activity, MIC ranging from 56 μg/ml to 625 μg/ml while their nanoparticles show activity in the range of 9.75 μg/ml to 80 μg/ml. The nanoparticles prepared were in the size range of 5-70 nm. Nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation till MIC/64 with P <.001 and significantly (P <.01) eradiated the 24 h established biofilm at 64*MIC till 16*MIC. Uses of nanoparticles in the microbiological application are widely reported and have shown robust activity against almost all the organisms of the microbial world. Antifungal use in developing countries is uncontrolled and unregulated hence resistance to antimicrobial agents is increasing. These factors along with many others elevate the chances of nosocomial infections and globally C. glabrata accounts for 8%-10% of nosocomial candidiasis. Nanoparticles are more effective agents to fill the void created by the chemical-based drugs that are getting least effective in the treatment procedure as the drug resistance pattern in Candida is increasing dramatically. Plant-based reductants are good stabilizing agents also; they are environment friendly, non-hazardous, and less toxic. Less energy consumption and moderate condition preparation make green synthesis of nanoparticles most desirable process to proceed. Adding to this, if reductant has antimicrobial activity, it can enhance the potency of prepared nanoparticles.

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