Patrol officers and problem solving: An application of expectancy theory

Social ecology and police discretion: The influence of district crime, cynicism, and workload on the vigor of police response

“…Officers in Indianapolis worked in an organizational environment that stressed traditional aggressive enforcement (e.g., traffic and suspicion stops, drug enforcement, and arrests) to enhance quality of life in the neighborhoods. Officers in St. Petersburg utilized problem solving to improve police service and citizen satisfaction (DeJong, Mastrofski, & Parks, 2001;Parks, Mastrofski, DeJong, & Gray, 1999).…”

“…Derived in large part from two studies (DeJong et al, 2001;Engel & Worden, 2003), the present study created the workload measure (percentage of assigned time) by summing the total activity and encounter time, the total assigned activity and assigned encounter time, and computing the quotient. The resulting measure reflected the percentage of time that officers had unassigned during their observed shift.…”

The impact of situational factors, officer characteristics, and neighborhood context on police behavior: A multilevel analysis

“…Along the same line, one may expect that communitypolicing officers are more likely to engage in noncoercive behavior than regular patrol officers. Community policing officers were found to spend more time on problem solving (DeJong, Mastrofski, & Parks, 2001), while less time on undirected general patrol (Parks, Mastrofski, DeJong, & Gray, 1999).…”

Policing domestic violence: Does officer gender matter?

“…IPD's community policing model stresses traditional "aggressive enforcement" strategies (e.g., traffic and suspicion stops, drug enforcement, and arrests) to enhance quality of life in the neighborhoods, whereas SPPD's community policing model focuses on the utilization of problem solving to improve police service and citizen satisfaction (DeJong, Mastrofski, & Parks, 2001;Parks, Mastrofski, DeJong, & Gray, 1999). Both departments also adopted mandatory arrest policies for domestic violence incidents in the early 1990s.…”