Patients with negative skin tests

Kontou-Fili, Kalliopi

doi:10.1097/00130832-200208000-00010

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The specific production of IgE has normally been demonstrated via indirect ELISA, RAST, or Western blot, which is predicated on the principles of the immunochemical binding reaction. However, the levels of specific IgE measured via immunochemical methods have not been correlated with the severity of allergies, which has led to the suggestion that some specific IgE cannot be immunochemically detected (van Ree and Aalberse, 1999;Kontou-Fili, 2002). Marie et al (1999) determined that the application of biological methods, including the skin prick test, contributed to the reduction of false positives for the detection of specific IgE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune reactions and allergy in experimental anisakiasis

Cho

Lee

2006

Korean J Parasitol

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Abstract:The third-stage larvae (L3) of the parasitic nematode, Anisakis simplex, have been implicated in the induction of hyperimmune allergic reactions in orally infected humans. In this work, we have conducted a review of an investigation into immune reactions occurring in animals experimentally infected with A. simplex L3. The patterns of serum antibody productions in the experimental animals against excretory-secretory products (ESP) of A. simplex L3 contributed to our current knowledge regarding specific humoral immune reactions in humans. In our review, we were able to determine that L3 infection of experimental animals may constitute a good model system for further exploration of immune mechanisms and allergy in anisakiasis of humans. worldwide (Mattiucci et al., 1997;Shih, 2004;Ugland et al., 2004). Many epidemics have been reported in Japan and Spain (Chai et al., 2005). Increasing reports of L3 infection in fish have been documented in South Korea, in which the consumption of raw marine fish is also popular (Chai et al., 1992;Im et al., 1995;Song et al., 1995Song et al., , 1999. Easy access to endoscopes and enhanced awareness of anisakiasis among clinicians has resulted in better reporting of morbidity resultant from L3 infection. L3 infection induces the production of specific antibodies and cytokines (Kennedy et al., 1988;Daschner et al., 2001;Nieuwenhuizen et al., 2006). Antibodies can be detected 2 weeks after infection, consistent with the time courses associated with other microorganisms. Analyses of specific antibody levels are generally irrelevant to the differential diagnosis of an acute state in cases of L3 infection, because the profound pain associated with L3 penetration begins only a few hours after the consumption of infected raw fish. However, antibody level measurements are helpful both in the differentiation of tumors from the granulomas formed by infiltrating L3 and in investigations of allergic diseases (Gutierrez and Cuellar, 2002;Kim et al., 2006).The production of IgE tends to increase during parasite infections, but the ultimate effects of IgE vary considerably, depending on the host-parasite relationships. Hyperimmune allergic reactions have been closely associated with IgE production. The infection of a parasite into its normal host tends to reduce the development of allergic responses, despite the associated upshift in IgE production (van den Biggelaar et al., 2000;Yazdanbakhsh et al., 2002). By contrast, the infection of T. canis in humans, an abnormal host, induces increased allergic reactions (Sharp and Olson, 1962;Sharghi et al., 2001). A. simplex L3 has also been shown to induce allergic diseases at a high rate, principally due to the fact that humans are not a regular host of this parasite (Audicana et al., 2002;Klimpel et al., 2004).Through investigations of allergic responses to L3 for a period of more than 10 years, several shared features have been identified, which indicate that immune reactions to L3 infection evidence similar patterns in humans and experimental...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune reactions and allergy in experimental anisakiasis

Cho

Lee

2006

Korean J Parasitol

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“…AAI prescription in patients with anaphylactic sting reactions and negative testing for venom-specific IgE Even though IgE-negative anaphylaxis has been reported by several investigators, epidemiological data are scarce (82)(83)(84). The percentage seems to be very low when additional diagnostic tests are performed (e.g., basophil activation test, component-resolved diagnostics).…”

Section: Indication For Aai Prescription In Untreated Patients With Sarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐medication of anaphylactic reactions due to Hymenoptera stings—an EAACI Task Force Consensus Statement

Bilò

Cichocka‐Jarosz

Pumphrey

et al. 2016

Allergy

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An anaphylactic reaction due to a Hymenoptera sting is a clinical emergency, and patients, their caregivers as well as all healthcare professionals should be familiar with its recognition and acute management. This consensus report has been prepared by a European expert panel of the EAACI Interest Group of Insect Venom Hypersensitivity. It is targeted at allergists, clinical immunologists, internal medicine specialists, pediatricians, general practitioners, emergency department doctors, and any other healthcare professional involved. The aim was to report the scientific evidence on self-medication of anaphylactic reactions due to Hymenoptera stings, to inform healthcare staff about appropriate patient selfmanagement of sting reactions, to propose indications for the prescription of an adrenaline auto-injector (AAI), and to discuss other forms of medication. Firstline treatment for Hymenoptera sting anaphylaxis is intramuscular adrenaline. Prescription of AAIs is mandatory in the case of venom-allergic patients who suffer from mast cell diseases or with an elevated baseline serum tryptase level and in untreated patients with a history of a systemic reaction involving at least two Abbreviations AAI, adrenaline auto-injector; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BST, baseline serum tryptase; EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; ED, Emergency Department; GRADE, The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; HVA, hymenoptera venom allergy; i.m., intramuscular; i.v., intravenous; ISA, insect sting anaphylaxis; s.c., subcutaneous; SAR, systemic allergic reaction; VIT, venom immunotherapy.Allergy 71 (2016) 931-943

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“…This may represent a low level of IgE production or lack of sensitivity to currently available test reagents or methods. In such subjects, skin and in vitro tests should be repeated within several months after the initial tests are completed 30,31…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: An Update

Pesek

Lockey²

2013

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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Reactions to Hymenoptera insect stings are common. While most are self-limited, some induce systemic allergic reactions or anaphylaxis. Prompt recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of these reactions are important for improving quality-of-life and reducing the risk of future sting reactions. This review summarizes the current recommendations to diagnose and treat Hymenoptera sting induced allergic reactions and highlights considerations for various populations throughout the world.

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Patients with negative skin tests

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Immune reactions and allergy in experimental anisakiasis

Immune reactions and allergy in experimental anisakiasis

Self‐medication of anaphylactic reactions due to Hymenoptera stings—an EAACI Task Force Consensus Statement

Management of Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: An Update

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