Management of Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: An Update

Pesek, Robert D.; Lockey, Richard F.

doi:10.4168/aair.2013.5.3.129

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In any case, the quantitative value of basophil degranulation does not directly correlate with the risk or gravity of allergic crisis. The test should be interpreted in light of the clinical situation of the patient considering the type, severity, delay of the last reaction, allergen exposition, eventual treatment used at the time of sample collection, co-morbidity, and medical background such as mastocytosis, lung, or cardiovascular diseases (28)(29)(30). The type of allergen must also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basophil activation test: Implementation and standardization between systems and between instruments

et al. 2017

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The basophil activation test (BAT) is a good ex vivo alternative for measuring hypersensitivity to an allergen in sensitized patients but still lacks standardization. In this present study, we have implemented one of the systems and proposed inter-systems, inter-instrument standardization. Our method for basophil activation and labeling on whole blood: EDTA in one step using BasoflowEx and FlowCast . Setup on Navios and fluorescence targets converted to set up FACSCanto™ instrument. Our results: 1) A CD203c/CD63 (BasoflowEx) method was adapted for EDTA samples and simplified. 2) Final washing and concentration and use of time parameter help acquiring as many basophils as possible, spare acquisition time and noise. 3) The modified method was validated according to ISO15189 with a precision at 5.1% RCV, linearity between 1 and 1/8 of anti-IgE stimulation. Results were very close with CCR3/CD63 system (FlowCast). 4) Standardization, between systems and even between instruments. Mean Fluorescence Intensity targets are proposed using standard beads (Cytocal ) middle peak: FITC = 19.4; PE = 28.8 on Navios corresponding to FITC = 4,966; PE = 7,373 for FACSCanto. Data analyzed on common software (Kaluza ) were very closely correlated. 5) Co-labeling of B cells (CD20+) gives the possibility to monitor a significant drop of basophils under stimulation that could explain some underestimation in case of strong hypersensitivity. In conclusion, BAT would strongly benefit from easy implementation [EDTA, one step stimulation/labeling, wash, full sample analysis over time parameter, B cell relative basophil count] and standardization of instrument settings on MFI targets whatever system or instrument is used. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basophil activation test: Implementation and standardization between systems and between instruments

et al. 2017

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“…Bee venom contains 12 main allergens, which are multiple protein allergens possessing an enzymatic activity and being responsible for an allergic response. Among the main allergens there are: phospholipase A2 (PLA2) called Api m1, hyaluronidase called Api m2, acid phosphatase called Api m3, melittin called Api m4, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV called Api m5, Api m6 which was w new bee venom allergen, protease called Api m7, carboxyl-esterase called Api m8, carboxyl-peptidase called Api m9, incarapin called Api m10, major royal jelly protein called Api m11 and vitellogenin called Api m12 [ 38 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Among the most important allergens mentioned are Api m1, Api m2, Api m3 and Api m4.…”

Section: Allergic Reaction To Bee Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee Venom in Wound Healing

et al. 2020

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Bee venom (BV), also known as api-toxin, is widely used in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. It is also known that BV can improve the wound healing process. BV plays a crucial role in the modulation of the different phases of wound repair. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, all of which have a positive impact on the wound healing process. The mentioned process consists of four phases, i.e., hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. The impaired wound healing process constitutes a significant problem especially in diabetic patients, due to hypoxia state. It had been found that BV accelerated the wound healing in diabetic patients as well as in laboratory animals by impairing the caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity. Moreover, the activity of BV in wound healing is associated with regulating the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor and increased collagen type I. BV stimulates the proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In combination with polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan, BV significantly accelerates the wound healing process, increasing the hydroxyproline and glutathione and lowering the IL-6 level in wound tissues. The effect of BV on the wounds has been proved by numerous studies, which revealed that BV in the wound healing process brings about a curative effect and could be applied as a new potential treatment for wound repair. However, therapy with bee venom may induce allergic reactions, so it is necessary to assess the existence of the patient’s hypersensitivity to apitoxin before treatment.

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“…The effect of these modifications on IgE reactivity should be further investigated. Recently, antigen 5 molecules from the wasp were shown to be useful for distinguishing between allergies to honey bee or vespid venom [15,16,17,27,28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgE Reactivity of Recombinant Pac c 3 from the Asian Needle Ant <b><i>(Pachycondyla chinensis)</i></b>

Jeong

Son

et al. 2016

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Stings from the Asian needle ant are an important cause of anaphylaxis in East Asia. A 23-kDa protein homologous to antigen 5 is the major allergen produced by these ants. In this study, we aimed to produce a recombinant antigen 5 allergen, Pac c 3. Methods: Recombinant Pac c 3 allergen from the Asian needle ant was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Ni affinity chromatography. IgE reactivity was demonstrated by ELISA and immunoblotting. Results: The recombinant protein was recognized in 5 of 6 (83.3%) serum samples from patients with demonstrated anaphylaxis to ants. IgE reactivity to an antigen 5 allergen from Asian needle ant venom sac extract was specifically inhibited by the recombinant protein. It was also able to inhibit IgE binding to the vespid allergen Ves v 5 by ImmunoCAP analysis, indicating the presence of cross-reactivity. Conclusion: A recombinant Pac c 3, cross-reactive with Ves v 5, from the Asian needle ant was successfully produced in the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. This protein could be useful for the development of component-resolved diagnostics.

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Management of Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: An Update

Cited by 20 publications

References 74 publications

Basophil activation test: Implementation and standardization between systems and between instruments

Basophil activation test: Implementation and standardization between systems and between instruments

Bee Venom in Wound Healing

IgE Reactivity of Recombinant Pac c 3 from the Asian Needle Ant <b><i>(Pachycondyla chinensis)</i></b>

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