Pathways of Endodontic Fear in Different Age Groups for Iraqi Endodontic Patients

Abstract

Background: Fear, anxiety and phobia are major complications for both patient and dental care providers despite the technological advances that have made dentistry less painful and less uncomfortable. This study aimed to identify the most common pathways of fear related to root canal treatment in different aged groups for both genders. Materials and methods:The study sample consisted of (800) patients were selected, aged (20-59) years old from patients attending the Al-Shiekh Omar specialized dental center. The questionnaires of pathways of endodontic fear were prepared and translate from English to Arabic languages by certified translator and were filled by patients themselves without any help from endodontists. Patients with mental disabilities, those who only had surgical root canal treatment, those below 20 years and above 59 years old, and those not understand Arabic language were excluded. Results: The most commonly reported pathway for fear and anxiety with endodontic procedures was the cognitive (32.9%) followed by the informative, parental, verbal, and vicarious pathways (29%, 25%, 6.7%, 6.4%) respectively. Also, the result showed that the informative pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (1, 2); while cognitive pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (3,4,5,6,7,8). The patients in all groups showed the percentage of direct endodontic fear pathway was less than indirect pathway, where the indirect pathway was (65%) while direct pathway was (35%) totally. The result of the study showed that females had higher percentage (59.3%) of endodontic fear than males (40.7%) generally.

Association Between AIM2 and Pycard Genes Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Periodontitis with Coronary Heart Disease

“…This may be due to the differences in the hygiene practices or socioeconomic status of the two groups. [38][39][40][41][42] In this present study, periodontal parameters; such as PLI, BOP, PPD, and CAL; were higher in the AS-P group than in the other three groups. Al-Taweel et al, 19 Yagnik et al, 20 Al-Ghurabi et al, 43 and Shaker and Hashem 44 reported similar findings and concluded that the inflammatory response due to plaque biofilms, which produce an extensive variety of bacterial by-products; such as toxins, enzymes, and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S); illicit accelerate periodontal tissue deterioration; such as periodontal ligaments loss, pocket formation, bone resorption, and tooth loss.…”

The Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Low-Density Neutrophils in Periodontitis

“…1,2 Periodontitis encompasses the existence of inflammation in the periodontal tissues, the development of periodontal pockets, a breakdown of connective tissue, alveolar bone loss, and potential tooth loss. [3][4][5][6][7] Despite their beneficial role in eradicating pathogens, inflammation is a double-edged sword; it is considered a crucial source of periodontal tissue destruction, involving leukocytes, complement, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). 8 ROS seem to be short-lived, extremely reactive oxygen-reduced radicals, including superoxide , hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), the hydroxyl radical (OH), and singlet oxygen.…”

Evaluation of dentin features in teeth after caries removal by three techniques (chemomechanical, mechanical with a smart bur, and air-abrasion): an in vitro study

“…However, a drill can effectively remove harmful patient experiences ( Arora et al, 2012 ). Consequently, it is crucial to address anxious and uncooperative youngsters using a painless, noninvasive method ( Kotb et al, 2009 ; Saeed, Hussein & Mahmood, 2017 ; Hussein, Saeed & Al-Zaka, 2017 ).…”