Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of COVID-19 Infection: An Organ-system Based Review

Km, Capaccione; Yang, Hai; West, Eric J.; Patel, Harsh; Ma, Huan; Patel, S; Fruauff, Alana; Loeb, Gérard; Maddocks, Alexis; Borowski, Allen G.; Lala, Salim; Nguyen, Paul; Lignelli, Angela; D’Souza, Belinda; Desperito, Elise; Ruzal-Shapiro, Carrie; Salvatore, M.M.

doi:10.1016/j.acra.2021.01.022

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Contrast-enhanced CT may demonstrate infarcts as wedge-shaped areas of hypoenhancement involving both the cortex and medulla as well as renal vascular thrombosis[ 106 ]. Infarcts, either single or multifocal, can also occur in the spleen secondary to microangiopathy, hypercoagulopathy or thromboembolism[ 128 ]. The extent to which contrast-enhanced US can demonstrate microvascular perfusion deficits in patients with COVID-19 is under investigation (NCT04640038).…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in the COVID-19 era: Lessons learned during a pandemic

Sidéris

Nikolakea²,

Karanikola³

et al. 2021

WJR

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The first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a year of unprecedented changes, scientific breakthroughs, and controversies. The radiology community has not been spared from the challenges imposed on global healthcare systems. Radiology has played a crucial part in tackling this pandemic, either by demonstrating the manifestations of the virus and guiding patient management, or by safely handling the patients and mitigating transmission within the hospital. Major modifications involving all aspects of daily radiology practice have occurred as a result of the pandemic, including workflow alterations, volume reductions, and strict infection control strategies. Despite the ongoing challenges, considerable knowledge has been gained that will guide future innovations. The aim of this review is to provide the latest evidence on the role of imaging in the diagnosis of the multifaceted manifestations of COVID-19, and to discuss the implications of the pandemic on radiology departments globally, including infection control strategies and delays in cancer screening. Lastly, the promising contribution of artificial intelligence in the COVID-19 pandemic is explored.

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Section: Extrapulmonary Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in the COVID-19 era: Lessons learned during a pandemic

Sidéris

Nikolakea²,

Karanikola³

et al. 2021

WJR

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“…Кроме типичных для инфекции SARS-CoV-2 двусторонней пневмонии и острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРДС), при COVID-19 развивается поражение сердечно-сосудистой системы (перикардит, миокардит, эндокардит, васкулит, тромбоэмболические осложнения), пищеварительной системы (желудочно-кишечного тракта, поджелудочной железы и печени), почек, периферической и центральной нервной системы (ЦНС), скелетно-мышечной системы, и др. [1,4,5].…”

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“Post-COVID syndrome”: The focus is on musculoskeletal pain

Каратеев¹,

Амирджанова²,

Насонов

et al. 2021

Naučno-praktičeskaâ revmatologiâ

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Combating the consequences of COVID-19, a disease caused by the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, is a serious and very urgent task facing modern medicine. COVID-19 often has a severe course and is accompanied by multiple organ damage, systemic immune inflammation, coagulopathy, neuroendocrine and metabolic disorders. Even with a relatively favorable course, the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be degenerative changes in many organs (pulmonary fibrosis, cardiosclerosis), various functional and psychoemotional disorders. As a result, in 10–50% of patients, various unpleasant symptoms persist for a long time after the acute manifestations of COVID-19 subside and the virus is eliminated. This pathology is referred to as “post-COVID syndrome” (PCS). The main elements of PCS are chronic pain, fatigue, and psychoemotional problems. Functional disorders, autoimmune processes, and severe psychological distress after COVID-19 can cause the development and exacerbation of diseases characterized by chronic pain and fatigue, such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Therapy and prevention of PCS include correction of functional disorders, pain control, and consistent physical, psychological, and social rehabilitation.

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“…Patients with mild infectious colitis/enteritis may have bowel wall thickening, mesenteric fat stranding, or a small amount of ascites. Some patients present with small bowel obstruction and pancreatitis [ 9 ]. The clinical course of our patient was smooth after discharge and he did not develop any complications of COVID-19 despite multiple risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Due to COVID-19 in an Adult

Iftikhar¹,

Najam²,

Rehman³

2021

Cureus

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Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease that can present with a wide range of symptoms. Abdominal pain is less common than other symptoms but is more frequent among patients with severe disease. Various abdominal imaging findings are described in the literature for children and adults with COVID-19 infection. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy is reported in pediatric patients with COVID-19 gastrointestinal infection. It is very rarely reported in the adult population.We report a case of an adult male with multiple risk factors, who presented with severe abdominal pain and tenderness in the right inguinal fossa. He was evaluated for differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis, renal colic, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and COVID-19. His investigations showed normal laboratory tests and a normal chest radiograph. His CT abdomen showed a normal appendix and multiple prominent mesenteric lymph nodes. His COVID-19 PCR was positive. He was discharged after pain relief with home isolation instructions and symptomatic management.Our case represents an atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection in many ways. His laboratory investigations were not suggestive of COVID-19. Our patient's abdominal imaging findings represent a rare association of COVID-19 with mesenteric lymphadenitis in adults. The clinical course of our patient was smooth after discharge and he did not develop any complications of COVID-19 despite multiple risk factors. Our case reminds the significance of keeping broad diagnostic differentials in the emergency department. Although mesenteric lymphadenitis is often a self-limiting condition affecting children and young adults, it is the most frequent alternative diagnosis of acute appendicitis and intussusception. Mesenteric lymphadenitis can be the sole atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults. Atypical presentations are not uncommon due to the scarcity of data on this evolving disease.

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Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of COVID-19 Infection: An Organ-system Based Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 111 publications

Imaging in the COVID-19 era: Lessons learned during a pandemic

Imaging in the COVID-19 era: Lessons learned during a pandemic

“Post-COVID syndrome”: The focus is on musculoskeletal pain

Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Due to COVID-19 in an Adult

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