Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance

Abstract

Distortions in time perception and timed performance are presented by a number of different neurological and psychiatric conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism). As a consequence, the primary focus of this review is on factors that define or produce systematic changes in the attention, clock, memory and decision stages of temporal processing as originally defined by Scalar Expectancy Theory. These findings are used to evaluate the Striatal Beat Frequency Theory, which is a neurobiological model of interval timing based upon the coincidence detection of oscillatory processes in corticostriatal circuits that can be mapped onto the stages of information processing proposed by Scalar Timing Theory.

Hypotheses Relating to the Function of the Claustrum

“…The mechanism we propose might effect this by "binding" information from two inputs, one from each ipsilateral motor system. The mechanism described in our hypothesis may underlie the proposed mechanisms of timing and time perception that rely on "beat-frequency" patterns generated by cortical oscillations (see Matell and Meck, 2004;Buhusi and Meck, 2005;Allman and Meck, 2012). Remedios et al (2010) have suggested that the function of the claustrum is related to salience and salience detection.…”

Subjective Duration as a Signature of Coding Efficiency: Emerging Links Among Stimulus Repetition, Predictive Coding, and Cortical GABA Levels

“…In this case, neural responses to pairs of stimuli separated by a fixed duration were modified by altering the weights of the excitatory connections with paired-pulse facilitation, as well as the weights of the GABAb connections to the excitatory cells of the network. As a function of repeated activation, these recurrent networks came to function as 'perceptrons' for the specific durations that were presented, thus producing circuits that display temporal generalization functions similar to those observed in psychophysical data and accounted for by the striatal beat-frequency model of interval timing (e.g., Allman & Meck, 2012;Matell & Meck, 2004, Meck et al, 1998Meck & Malapani, 2004;Van Rijn et al, in press;Yin & Meck, 2014).…”

Clock Speed as a Window into Dopaminergic Control of Emotion and Time Perception

“…In the striatal beat frequency (SBF) model of interval timing (e.g., Allman & Meck, 2012;Coull et al, 2011;Hashimoto & Yotsumoto, 2015;Matell & Meck, 2000Muller & Nobre, 2014;Murai et al, 2016;Van Rijn et al, 2014) duration estimation is based upon the coincidence detection of oscillatory processes in cortico-striatal circuits. The SBF model supposes that: at the onset of a 'to be timed' signal, populations of cortical (and thalamic) neurons phase reset (and synchronize) and begin oscillating at their endogenous periodicities.…”

“…Moreover, a core treatment for ADHD are various indirect dopamine agonists such as methylphenidate, methamphetamine, and nicotine, which as detailed above, have clear effects on interval timing (e.g., Conners et al, 1996;Levin et al, 1996Levin et al, , 1998Meck, 2007;Noreika et al, 2013). Dopaminergic signaling is involved in numerous diseases and neurological/ psychiatric conditions, such as depression, bipolar disorder, dystonia, drug addiction, Huntington's disease, obsessivecompulsive disorder, stuttering, Tourette's syndrome(e.g., Allman & Meck, 2012;Gu et al, 2011;Linazasoro & van Blercom, 2007;Ptáček et al, 2011;Singer et al, 2002). Furthermore, many commonly prescribed drugs powerfully modulate dopaminergic signaling.…”