Subjective Duration as a Signature of Coding Efficiency: Emerging Links Among Stimulus Repetition, Predictive Coding, and Cortical GABA Levels

Matthews, William J.; Terhune, Devin Blair; Rijn, Hedderik van; Eagleman, David M.; Sommer, Marc A.; Meck, Warren H.

doi:10.1163/24054496-00101005

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…One proposal for the repetition compression is coding efficiency under the framework of predictive coding (Eagleman & Pariyadath, 2009;Matthews et al, 2014), which argues repetition suppression depends on the differences between the predicted and the actual signals. The predictive coding framework (Friston, 2005, Rao & Ballard, 1999 assumes that bottom-up signals are only passed on to the next stage when the information deviates from the top-down predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration compression induced by visual and phonological repetition of Chinese characters

Jia

Shi

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Our prior experience heavily influences our subjective time. One of such phenomena is repetition compression, that is, repeated stimuli are perceived shorter than novel stimuli. However, most of the studies on repetition compression used identical stimuli, leaving the question whether similar repetition effects could take place in phonological and semantic level repetition. We used Chinese characters to manipulate different levels of repetition in a duration discrimination task. We replicated earlier findings that repetition of visual identical characters shortened the apparent duration and found the repetition compression was spatially independent. Phonological repetition also caused the duration compression though the effect was weaker than the visual repetition. However, we observed no duration compression during the semantic repetition. The results suggest that repetition compression is mediated by visual and phonological representation of a stimulus in an early stage in processing hierarchy. We explained our findings according to the framework of predictive coding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration compression induced by visual and phonological repetition of Chinese characters

Jia

Shi

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…It is possible that GABA A levels are selectively increased during AM. Indeed, GABA-mediated cortical inhibition has been linked to predictive coding in a recent study [53]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent Motion Suppresses Responses in Early Visual Cortex: A Population Code Model

2016

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Two stimuli alternately presented at different locations can evoke a percept of a stimulus continuously moving between the two locations. The neural mechanism underlying this apparent motion (AM) is thought to be increased activation of primary visual cortex (V1) neurons tuned to locations along the AM path, although evidence remains inconclusive. AM masking, which refers to the reduced detectability of stimuli along the AM path, has been taken as evidence for AM-related V1 activation. AM-induced neural responses are thought to interfere with responses to physical stimuli along the path and as such impair the perception of these stimuli. However, AM masking can also be explained by predictive coding models, predicting that responses to stimuli presented on the AM path are suppressed when they match the spatio-temporal prediction of a stimulus moving along the path. In the present study, we find that AM has a distinct effect on the detection of target gratings, limiting the maximum performance at high contrast levels. This masking is strongest when the target orientation is identical to the orientation of the inducers. We developed a V1-like population code model of early visual processing, based on a standard contrast normalization model. We find that AM-related activation in early visual cortex is too small to either cause masking or to be perceived as motion. Our model instead predicts strong suppression of early sensory responses during AM, consistent with the theoretical framework of predictive coding.

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“…In contrast, preliminary results in ramping activity models indicate that the dopaminergic modulation of interval estimates could emerge intrinsically from the experimentally measured dopamine effects on synaptic conductances [28]. Moreover, similar to the direct effects of neuromodulators on interval estimation, stimulus attributes that may engage neuromodulatory systems, like intense, arousing, or attention provoking stimuli, have also been shown to cause an overestimation of intervals [29]. Although such experimental manipulations provide an interesting testbed for timing models, so far they have hardly been explored in modelling studies.…”

Section: Experimental Constraints On Time Perception Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Time at the center, or time at the side? Assessing current models of time perception

Haß

Durstewitz

2016

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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The ability to tell time is a crucial requirement for almost everything we do, but the neural mechanisms of time perception are still largely unknown. One way to approach these mechanisms is through computational modelling. This review provides an overview of the most prominent timing models, experimental evidence in their support, and formal ways for understanding the relationship between mechanisms of time perception and the scaling behavior of time estimation errors. Theories that interpret timing as a byproduct of other computational processes are also discussed. We suggest that there may be in fact a multitude of timing mechanisms in operation, anchored within areaspecific computations, and tailored to different sensory-behavioral requirements. These ultimately have to be integrated into a common frame (a "temporal hub") for the purpose of decision making. This common frame may support Bayesian integration and generalization across sensory modalities. Classes of time perception models The models of time perception which are most frequently discussed in the current literature can be classified into four principle neural mechanisms [1] (Figure 1

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Subjective Duration as a Signature of Coding Efficiency: Emerging Links Among Stimulus Repetition, Predictive Coding, and Cortical GABA Levels

Cited by 49 publications

References 124 publications

Duration compression induced by visual and phonological repetition of Chinese characters

Duration compression induced by visual and phonological repetition of Chinese characters

Apparent Motion Suppresses Responses in Early Visual Cortex: A Population Code Model

Time at the center, or time at the side? Assessing current models of time perception

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