Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application

Nicholson, F. A.; Groves, S.J.; Chambers, B. J.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.030

Cited by 407 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A number of factors, including health status, animal type, age, diet, stress level and season determine the pathogen shedding rate (Joel and Karns, 2000;Nicholson et al, 2005;Russell et al, 2000;Bach et al, 2005a). The number of animals carrying or shedding pathogens at any one time varies in and between herds.…”

Section: Agricultural Sources Of Pathogens (Hazards)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates of pathogen decline in manures can be affected by diet, which also determines both physical and chemical properties of faecal and storage conditions (Placha´et al, 2001). Nicholson et al (2005) concluded that temperature, aeration, pH and dry matter content, determine pathogen declination rates during storage. However, many of these factors vary with management practices.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a risk-based index for source water protection planning, which supports the reduction of pathogens from agricultural activity entering water resources

Goss

Richards

2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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Source water protection planning (SWPP) is an approach to prevent contamination of ground and surface water in watersheds where these resources may be abstracted for drinking or used for recreation. For SWPP the hazards within a watershed that could contribute to water contamination are identified together with the pathways that link them to the water resource. In rural areas, farms are significant potential sources of pathogens. A risk-based index can be used to support the assessment of the potential for contamination following guidelines on safety and operational efficacy of processes and practices developed as beneficial approaches to agricultural land management. Evaluation of the health risk for a target population requires knowledge of the strength of the hazard with respect to the pathogen load (mass Â concentration). Manure handling and on-site wastewater treatment systems form the most important hazards, and both can comprise confined and unconfined source elements. There is also a need to understand the modification of pathogen numbers (attenuation) together with characteristics of the established pathways (surface or subsurface), which allow the movement of the contaminant species from a source to a receptor (water source). Many practices for manure management have not been fully evaluated for their impact on pathogen survival and transport in the environment. A key component is the identification of potential pathways of contaminant transport. This requires the development of a suitable digital elevation model of the watershed for surface movement and information on local groundwater aquifer systems for subsurface flows. Both require detailed soils and geological information. The pathways to surface and groundwater resources can then be identified. Details of land management, farm management practices (including animal and manure management) and agronomic practices have to be obtained, possibly from questionnaires completed by each producer within the watershed. To confirm that potential pathways are active requires some microbial source tracking. One possibility is to identify the molecular types of Escherichia coli present in each hazard on a farm. An essential part of any such index is the identification of mitigation strategies and practices that can reduce the magnitude of the hazard or block open pathways. r

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Section: Agricultural Sources Of Pathogens (Hazards)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a risk-based index for source water protection planning, which supports the reduction of pathogens from agricultural activity entering water resources

Goss

Richards

2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…To constrain farmer uncertainties related to slurry and FYM volumes produced per farm we back-calculated estimates of manure generated per day based on farm livestock numbers and used experimentally derived manure store die-off rates to estimate the E. coli contributed to land for each application. A critical assumption was that any FYM undergoing storage (with no fresh additions) for a period exceeding three months would contain negligible FIO levels as supported by literature evidence (Nicholson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Operationalising the Tool Kitmentioning

confidence: 95%

A cross-disciplinary toolkit to assess the risk of faecal indicator loss from grassland farm systems to surface waters

Oliver

Fish

Hodgson³

et al. 2009

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Diffuse microbial pollution from agriculture is a key contributor to water quality impairment.Reducing the risk of microbial contamination of watercourses from agricultural sources requires both environmentally appropriate and socially acceptable mitigation and management approaches. A cross-disciplinary toolkit for on-farm microbial risk assessment is presented that can represent both social and environmental factors promoting or preventing the accumulation of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) within the farm environment, and also their subsequent transfer to watercourses. Four key risk criteria were identified as governing FIO loss from land to water. These were 'accumulating E. coli burden to land', 'landscape transfer potential', 'infrastructure' and 'social and economical obstacles to taking action'. The toolkit can be used to determine (i) the relative risk of a farm enterprise contributing to microbial watercourse pollution and (ii) appropriate and targeted mitigation to reduce the risk of FIO loss from land to water. A comparison of the toolkit output with microbiological water quality draining from three contrasting grassland farm enterprises provided a preliminary evaluation of the prototype approach. When applied to 31 grassland farm enterprises the toolkit suggested that 0% were categorised as negligible risk, 32% low, 65% medium, 3% high and 0% very high risk. Such qualitative risk-based tools can assist the policy community not only to target high risk areas, but also to develop mitigation strategies that are sensitive to the different ways in which risk is produced. Capacity for long-term cross-disciplinary research is argued to be the means by which these integrated and more sustainable solutions may emerge.

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“…Wang Além das condições aeróbicas, acréscimos na temperatura podem favorecer o aumento da taxa de degradação de AV bem como da descontaminação dos estercos. 3 Nicholson et al 97 verificaram que a Escherichia coli, a Salmonella, o Campylobacter jejuni e a Listeria monocytogenes sobreviveram em estercos armazenados por mais de 3 meses. Em contrapartida, com o aquecimento das pilhas de estrume (a temperaturas acima de 55 ºC) este período foi reduzido para menos de 1 mês.…”

Section: Degradação De Antimicrobianos Veterinários Em Solos E Estercosunclassified

Ocorrência, comportamento e impactos ambientais provocados pela presença de antimicrobianos veterinários em solos

Pereira¹,

Jardim²,

Fostier³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

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Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application

Cited by 407 publications

References 27 publications

Development of a risk-based index for source water protection planning, which supports the reduction of pathogens from agricultural activity entering water resources

Development of a risk-based index for source water protection planning, which supports the reduction of pathogens from agricultural activity entering water resources

A cross-disciplinary toolkit to assess the risk of faecal indicator loss from grassland farm systems to surface waters

Ocorrência, comportamento e impactos ambientais provocados pela presença de antimicrobianos veterinários em solos

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