Pathogen inactivation

Abstract

In recent years, an increase in the use of pathogen inactivation technologies for plasma and platelets has been observed. Their routine use in addition to experience generated in controlled clinical trials confirms that the treated blood components meet the required efficacy and safety criteria. Differences in epidemiology between countries, infectious risk perception, concerns about potential adverse effects associated with its use, and economic considerations of national blood systems might explain the differences observed in its implementation.

The clinical and biological impact of new pathogen inactivation technologies on platelet concentrates

“…Results obtained with one method cannot automatically be transposed to another. Excellent reviews of the subjects have been published [24][25][26]. The efficacy of the three methods on various pathogens is summarized in Table 1.…”

Whole blood treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet light: quality assessment of all blood components produced by the buffy coat method

“…P athogens and emerging infectious agents like viruses, bacteria, and protozoa are a constant threat to blood safety. 1 Several technologies aiming for pathogen inactivation (PI) have been developed for the treatment of blood components 2,3 and have become routinely used in various jurisdictions providing an increasing body of evidence on the clinical efficacy, safety, and cost-benefit ratio of PI. 4 A challenge for the implementation of PI for whole blood (WB) donations is the cost and processing burden imposed by the need to treat finished components.…”

Pathogen reduction/inactivation of products for the treatment of bleeding disorders: what are the processes and what should we say to patients?

“…This was the first photochemical pathogen reduction method, described in 1991 and employs the dye methylene blue in conjunction with visible light [64, 75]. Methylene blue + light (MB-L) is still widely used for pathogen reduction of therapeutic plasma in Europe (e.g.…”

“…Methylene blue + light (MB-L) is still widely used for pathogen reduction of therapeutic plasma in Europe (e.g. Maco-Tronic®; Macopharma, France), but is no longer used in some countries due to concerns about the potential risk of MB accumulation and allergic reactions in multi-transfused patients [69, 75, 92]. …”

“…1% polyoxyethylene-p-t-octylphenol; Triton X-100 or Tween 80); the solvent removes lipids from viral and bacterial membranes and the detergent disrupts lipid bilayers. The combined action of the solvent and detergent therefore results in the inactivation of enveloped viruses present in the plasma [75, 94]; SD must subsequently be removed from the inactivated product, however. To further reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission of non-enveloped viruses in plasma that has undergone SD treatment, components are often purified (e.g.…”