Path Analysis of Some Leaf Characters Related to Downy Mildew Resistance in Maize

Pudjiwati, Eko Hary; Kuswanto, Kuswanto; Basuki, Nur; Sugiharto, Arifin Noor

doi:10.17503/agrivita-2013-35-2-p167-173

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[55][56][57] Key genes linked to SA and JA-associated plant defense pathways were significantly upregulated in tobacco plants colonized by some of the B. bassiana strains tested, however, whether these strains produce effectors and/or elicitors remains to be determined. As both stomatal or trichome development are involved in innate immunity against infection by pathogens and may contribute to protection against insects, [58][59][60][61][62][63] the observed effects seen in these regards by selecting B. bassiana strains, can, at least in part, be accounted for by this increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest management via endophytic colonization of tobacco seedlings by the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana

Qin

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND It has been suggested that entomopathogenic fungi can be introduced into plants as endophytes potentially leading to insect control. Here, we sought to identify specific strains of the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana that would form endophytic associations with tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) benefitting host plant growth and/or resistance against insect pests and pathogens. RESULTS Tobacco seeds were inoculated with six different B. bassiana strains and entophytic colonization, plant growth, and resistance to pathogens and insect pests were evaluated over a 50 day‐period. Although all the strains could colonize seedlings, 90% seedling colonization was seen for four strains. Fungal cells could be detected in stems more readily than in leaf and root tissues. Colonization by B. bassiana boosted plant growth with an increased photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal and trichome density seen in fungal treated plants. Tobacco seedlings colonized by specific B. bassiana strains displayed significantly increased tolerance/resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens. B. bassiana‐colonized seedlings also displayed higher resistance to aphids (Myzus persicae) as compared to untreated controls. Colonization by B. bassiana was shown to trigger both of the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate acid (JA) defense pathways, but SA pathway was upregulated much more than JA pathway for some of the tested strains. CONCLUSION Specific strains of B. bassiana can be introduced into host plants as endophytes, resulting in promotion of host plant growth, increased resistance to microbial pathogens, and/or increased resistance to insect pests. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest management via endophytic colonization of tobacco seedlings by the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana

Qin

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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“…Notes : Peronosclerospora maydis is the causal agent of Java downy mildew and is one of the three most devastating downy mildew pathogens of maize ( Lukman et al 2016 ). In Indonesia, crop damages of 40–100 % have been recorded ( Pudjiwati et al 2013 ). Disease symptoms include severe chlorosis in the upper leaves, stunting, deformation, and lodging; infections by Peronosclerospora maydis may lead to death in susceptible maize varieties ( Smith & Renfro 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peronosporaceae Species Causing Downy Mildew Diseases of Poaceae, Including Nomenclature Revisions and Diagnostic Resources

Crouch

Davis

Shishkoff

et al. 2022

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

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Downy mildew pathogens of graminicolous hosts (Poaceae) are members of eight morphologically and phylogenetically distinct genera in the Peronosporaceae (Oomycota, Peronosporales). Graminicolous downy mildews (GDMs) cause severe losses in crops such as maize, millets, sorghum, and sugarcane in many parts of the world, especially in tropical climates. In countries where the most destructive GDMs are not endemic, these organisms are often designated as high-risk foreign pathogens and subject to oversight and quarantine by regulatory officials. Thus, there is a need to reliably and accurately identify the causal organisms. This paper provides an overview of the Peronosporaceae species causing graminicolous downy mildew diseases, with a description of their impact on agriculture and the environment, along with brief summaries of the nomenclatural and taxonomic issues surrounding these taxa. Key diagnostic characters are summarized, including DNA sequence data for types and/or voucher specimens, morphological features, and new illustrations. New sequence data for cox2 and 28S rDNA markers are provided from the type specimens of three species, Peronosclerospora philippinensis, Sclerospora iseilematis, and Sclerospora northii. Thirty-nine species of graminicolous downy mildews are accepted, and seven previously invalidly published taxa are validated. Fifty-five specimens are formally designated as types, including lectotypification of 10 species, neotypification of three species, and holotype designation for Sclerophthora cryophila.

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“…According to Badu-Apraku et al (2014), only the ear traits (level of damage caused by insects and diseases, ear size, ear uniformity, and grain filling) had direct effects on corn YIELD under conditions of Striga hermonthica infestation and may be used for the indirect selection of plants in this case. In an evaluation of mildew resistance in corn cultivars, Pudjiwati et al (2013) noted that the densities of trichomes and stomata on the upper and lower leaf surfaces have a direct effect on the incidence of mildew, and plants with the lowest densities of trichomes and stomata should be selected to improve disease resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variables with a strong association measured using the linear correlation coefficient and with direct effects of the same intensity and direction are considered cause and effect variables and are indicated for the indirect selection of plants (Cruz and Regazzi, 1997;Cruz and Carneiro, 2006). Path analysis has been widely used in studies of linear relationships between traits and for indirect selection of corn plants (Wang et al, 1999;Carvalho et al, 2001;Ahmad and Saleem, 2003;Mohammadi et al, 2003;El-Shouny et al, 2005;Samonte et al, 2005;Jayakumar et al, 2007;Lopes et al, 2007;Nemati et al, 2009;Bello et al, 2010;Khalily et al, 2010;Khayatnezhad et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2011;Hefny, 2011;Moradi and Azarpour, 2011;Parimala et al, 2011;Selvaraj and Nagarajan, 2011;Sreckov et al, 2011;Munawar et al, 2013;Pudjiwati et al, 2013;Shiri et al, 2013;Toebe and Cargnelutti Filho, 2013;Badu-Apraku et al, 2012, 2014Rigon et al, 2014;Teodoro et al, 2014). Variability in the magnitude and sign of the direct effects of explanatory variables on the main variable has been found in various studies conducted with corn using the path analysis method, resulting in different interpretations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct effects on scenarios and types of path analyses in corn hybrids

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct effects of explanatory variables on the grain yield of corn in the combinations formed by three types of hybrids x two harvests x nine scenarios of explanatory variables x two types of path analyses. Eleven explanatory variables were measured in 361, 373, and 416 single-, triple-, and double-cross hybrid plants from the 2008/2009 harvest, respectively, and in 1777, 1693, and 1720 single-, triple-, and doublecross hybrid plants from the 2009/2010 harvest, respectively: plant height at harvest (PH), ear insertion height (EIH), ear weight (EW), number of grain rows per ear (NR), ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), cob weight (CW), cob diameter (CD), 100-grain mass (HGM), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain length (GL) and, the main variable, grain yield (YIELD). Before conducting the traditional and ridge path analyses, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 explanatory variables were excluded from scenarios 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Next, the direct effects of explanatory variables on YIELD were estimated for each hybrid, harvest, scenario, and type of path analysis. The variables EW, NGE, and HGM had stronger direct effects on YIELD in the first three scenarios and the variables EL and ED had stronger direct effects on YIELD in the other scenarios regardless of hybrid or harvest. The use of the ninth scenario of path analysis is recommended regardless of hybrid and harvest given the ease of explanatory variable measurement (EIH, EL, and ED), the low degree of multicollinearity and the good prediction of the path analysis (R 2 ≥ 0.78).

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Path Analysis of Some Leaf Characters Related to Downy Mildew Resistance in Maize

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Pest management via endophytic colonization of tobacco seedlings by the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana

Pest management via endophytic colonization of tobacco seedlings by the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana

Peronosporaceae Species Causing Downy Mildew Diseases of Poaceae, Including Nomenclature Revisions and Diagnostic Resources

Direct effects on scenarios and types of path analyses in corn hybrids

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