Paternal Occupation and Risk of Birth Defects in Offspring

Schnitzer, Patricia G.; Olshan, Andrew F.; Erickson, J.D.

doi:10.1097/00001648-199511000-00003

Cited by 53 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because UV radiation is visible to the worker, it might be less prone to subjective interpretation of the participant. An increased risk of spina bifida for welders has been found before in a study in Atlanta [Schnitzer et al, 1995]. We also found an association with welders in an analysis on occupational titles in the Dutch case-referent study [Blatter et al, 1996], of which a large part of the population was used in the present study to thoroughly investigate the influence of occupational exposure.…”

Section: ----------------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 85%

Paternal occupational exposure around conception and spina bifida in offspring

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A multi-center case-referent study was conducted on the relation between paternal occupa tional exposure and spina bifida in offspring. Cases were born between 1980 and 1992 in The Netherlands. Referents were recruited from hospitals and from, the general population. Postal questionnaires were used to gather information on occupation and potential confounders. Through job-specific telephone interviews with 122 case fathers and 411 referent fathers, detailed exposure information was collected on specific tasks, the use o f chemical or physical agents, frequency of exposure, and use o f protective equipment The study yielded statistically significant associations between spina bifida and low exposure to welding fumes (

show abstract

Section: ----------------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 85%

Paternal occupational exposure around conception and spina bifida in offspring

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Twelve were reviews from which the references were checked [Haas and Schottenfeld, 1979;Taskinen, 1990;Lindbohm et al, 1992;Legator and Harper, 1993;Savitz, 1994;Savitz et al, 1994;Lindbohm, 1995;Friedler, 1996;Wyszynski and Beaty, 1996;Figa-Talamanca et al, 2001;Anderson, 2003;Chapin et al, 2004], 11 did not investigate an exposure of interest; four dealt with pesticides [Goldsmith et al, 1984;Savitz et al, 1997;Garcia et al, 1998;Regidor et al, 2004], two dealt with welding [Bonde et al, 1992;Hjollund et al, 1995], two dealt with maternal exposure [Windham et al, 1991;Ford et al, 1994], one dealt with a smelter, and two dealt with occupations, which did not use organic solvents [Hemminki et al, 1980;Beckman and Nordstrom, 1982;Norgard et al, 2004]. Eight did not deal with pregnancy as the outcome of interest [Sanotskii, 1976;Daniell and Vaughan, 1988;Savitz et al, 1989;Sanjose et al, 1991;Kristensen et al, 1993;Sallmen et al, 1997;GuoBing et al, 2001;McKinney et al, 2003], one had an exposed control group [Schnitzer et al, 1995], and we were unable to extract data from four [Infante et al, 1976;Olsen, 1984;McDonald et al, 1989;Olshan and Schnitzer, 1994]. Two stu...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because exposure usually involves more than one chemical class or agent and may occur under a wide variety of circumstances, human epidemiologic studies must be interpreted with care. However, if the above results [Taskinen et al, 1989;Brender and Suarez, 1990;Schnitzer et al, 1995;Blatter and Roeleveld, 1996;Blatter et al, 1997;Irgens et al, 2000] are valid, then preventive measures should be taken to avoid exposures to organic solvents, by both males as well as females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Paternal organic solvent exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Organic solvents are widely used, but conflicting reports exist concerning paternal exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the risks of spontaneous abortions (SAs) and major malformations (MMs) after paternal exposure to organic solvents. Methods Medline, Toxline, Reprotox, and Embase from 1966 to 2003 were searched. Two independent reviewers searched for cohort and case-control studies in any language on adult human males exposed chronically to any organic solvent. Two non-blinded independent extractors used a standardized form for data extraction; disagreements were resolved through consensus discussion. Results Forty-seven studies were identified; 32 exclusions left 14 useable studies. Overall random effects odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95% ) were 1. KEY WORDS: paternal exposure; organic solvent; adverse pregnancy outcome; spontaneous abortion; major malformations; meta-analysis INTRODUCTIONOrganic solvents are volatile liquids that belong to a structurally diverse group of chemicals having a low molecular weight and dissolve other organic substances such as lipids and high molecular weight compounds. Presently, they are being widely used in both the work and home environment. Usually, incidental exposure can take place around the house, while extensive exposure mostly occurs in the workplace. The use of organic solvents is widespread; they are utilized in a variety of occupations such as painting, dry-cleaning, printing, and various jobs within the chemical industry. Thus, many employees are exposed extensively to organic solvents.Substantial research has been done into the relationship between maternal exposure to organic solvents and spontaneous abortion (SA) or other adverse pregnancy outcomes such as major malformations (MMs). These compounds have been shown to increase the risk of MMs significantly (ORs ¼ 1.64, CI 95% : 1.16-2.30, N ¼ 7,036) [McMartin et al., 1998].Several studies have indicated that paternal exposure to organic solvents may be associated with an increased risk of ß 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [Taskinen et al., 1989;Brender and Suarez, 1990;Blatter and Roeleveld, 1996; Blatter et al., 1997;Irgens et al., 2000]. Results of individual studies differ considerably [Daniell and Vaughan, 1988;Taskinen et al., 1989;Lindbohm et al., 1991] and the actual risk remains uncertain.One possible mechanism associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes due to paternal exposure to organic solvents is a direct effect on sperm DNA, producing mutations or chromosomal abnormalities. Alternately, there could be indirect effects by transmission of agents to the mother via the seminal fluid, and maternal exposure to agents brought home by the father [Olshan et al., 1991].Organic solvents are comprised of many different chemical compounds or classes of compounds. Because exposure usually involves more than one chemical class or agent and may occur under a wide variety of circumstances, human epidemiologic studies must be interpreted with care. However, ...

show abstract

“…Cigarette smoking and caffeine intake were found to be associated with anal atresia in the United States (Miller et al, 2009), whereas in France and Spain, associations with medical drug use during pregnancy were found (Stoll et al, 1997), in particular use of the benzodiazepine lorazepam (Bonnot et al, 2001). Paternal exposure to occupational hazards, such as organic solvents and metals in vehicle manufacturers, seemed to be associated with anal atresia as well (Schnitzer et al, 1995;Stoll et al, 1997). Based on a single study in China, it has been suggested that periconceptional folic acid supplementation may reduce the risk of anal atresia (Myers et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%