Paternal occupational exposure around conception and spina bifida in offspring

Blatter, B.M.; Hermens, Rosella; Bakker, Marinka A.H.; Roeleveld, Nel; Verbeek, A.L.M.; Zielhuis, Gerhard A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199709)32:3<283::aid-ajim15>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Significantly reduced ORs were apparent for paternal occupational exposure to inhaled hydrocarbons and metal‐working oil mists. The findings for agrochemicals and animals overlap and have been seen before 3–6,10–12 . The apparent protective effect of fathers working in specific occupations has not been previously described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Paternal occupation and neural tube defects: a case–control study based on the Oxford Record Linkage Study register

Fear

Hey

Vincent

et al. 2007

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Certain paternal occupations and related exposures have been suggested as possible risk factors for neural tube defects (NTD). We analysed data collected as part of a case-control study to investigate the relationship between paternal occupational exposures and NTD. Cases were 694 NTD-affected pregnancies diagnosed between 1970 and 1987 in Oxfordshire or West Berkshire, England. Controls were randomly selected from a computerised maternity database individually matched to cases on maternal year of birth and year of index pregnancy. Data on paternal occupation were abstracted from hospital antenatal records. Associations between paternal occupational exposures and NTD were assessed using odds ratios adjusted for maternal year of birth, year of index pregnancy, gender of baby, multiplicity of birth and number of previous obstetric events. Statistically significant positive associations were observed for paternal occupational exposure to agrochemicals and animals. Analysis by occupational title revealed that more case than control fathers were farmers, gardeners and butchers. Statistically significant negative associations were seen for paternal occupational exposure to inhaled hydrocarbons and metal-working oil mists. The findings from this population-based study for paternal agricultural and animal-related occupations overlap and have been previously observed. The apparent protective effects of fathers working with inhaled hydrocarbons and metal-working oil mists have not been previously described. No underlying biological mechanisms have been identified, therefore other explanations cannot be excluded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The findings for agrochemicals and animals overlap and have been seen before. [3][4][5][6][10][11][12] The apparent protective effect of fathers working in specific occupations has not been previously described. Clearly, a range of explanations may account for these apparent effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Paternal occupation and neural tube defects: a case–control study based on the Oxford Record Linkage Study register

Fear

Hey

Vincent

et al. 2007

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…The relation between paternal occupational exposure shortly before pregnancy and risk of spina bifida in offspring was studied by Blatter et al 30 A total of 470 live born children with spina bifida aperta (as defined by the ninth revision of the international classification of diseases (ICD-9)) was identified by review of hospitals' medical records in The Netherlands. No associations were identified for other paternal occupational exposures, such as organic solvents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of recent epidemiological studies on paternal occupations and birth defects

Chia

Lm²

2002

Occup Environ Med

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The main findings reported by recent epidemiological studies on paternal occupations and birth defects are reviewed, and the main limitations associated with these studies discussed. Epidemiological studies on paternal occupations and birth defects were reviewed for the period 1989 to 1999 inclusive. Systematic searches were made with search engines with related keywords. There were several common paternal occupations that were repeatedly reported to be associated with birth defects. These paternal occupations were janitors, painters, printers, and occupations exposed to solvents; fire fighters or firemen; and occupations related to agriculture. The common weaknesses in most of these studies include inaccurate assessment of exposures, different classification systems, different inclusion criteria of birth defects, and low statistical power. It is concluded that epidemiological studies, reported in the past decade, suggest that several common paternal occupations are associated with birth defects. Future studies could be focused on these specific, rather than general, occupational groups so that causative agents may be confirmed and thus enable appropriate preventive measures to be taken.

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“…Higher levels of the OPs diazinon (maximum = 160 ppm), chlorpyrifos (maximum = 33 ppm), and malathion (maximum = 1.6 ppm) were found in house dust in farmworker homes (6 (52)(53)(54)(55). Other studies have reported that parental exposure to pesticides or application of pesticides in the home is associated with certain birth defects including neural tube and other birth defects (56,57).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Eskenazi

Bradman

Castorina

1999

Environ Health Perspect

583

326

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Recent studies show that young children can be exposed to pesticides during normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Children living in agricultural areas may be exposed to higher pesticide levels than other children because of pesticides tracked into their homes by household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their farmworker mother, or by playing in nearby fields. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the extent of children's pesticide exposure, and no studies have examined whether there are adverse health effects of chronic exposure. There is substantial toxicologic evidence that repeated low-level exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides may affect neurodevelopment and growth in developing animals. For example, animal studies have reported neurobehavorial effects such as impairment on maze performance, locomotion, and balance in neonates exposed (italic)in utero(/italic) and during early postnatal life. Possible mechanisms for these effects include inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, downregulation of muscarinic receptors, decreased brain DNA synthesis, and reduced brain weight in offspring. Research findings also suggest that it is biologically plausible that OP exposure may be related to respiratory disease in children through dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. The University of California Berkeley Center for Children's Environmental Health Research is working to build a community-university partnership to study the environmental health of rural children. This Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, or CHAMACOS in Monterey County, California, will assess (italic)in utero(/italic) and postnatal OP pesticide exposure and the relationship of exposure to neurodevelopment, growth, and symptoms of respiratory illness in children. The ultimate goal of the center is to translate research findings into a reduction of children's exposure to pesticides and other environmental agents, and thereby reduce the incidence of environmentally related disease.

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Paternal occupational exposure around conception and spina bifida in offspring

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Paternal occupation and neural tube defects: a case–control study based on the Oxford Record Linkage Study register

Paternal occupation and neural tube defects: a case–control study based on the Oxford Record Linkage Study register

Review of recent epidemiological studies on paternal occupations and birth defects

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

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