Patents and genetically modified soybean for glyphosate resistance

Arias, Adriana Carolina Rojas; Palacio, Jessica Liliana; Chaparro-Giraldo, Alejandro; López-Pazos, Silvio Alejandro

doi:10.1016/j.wpi.2017.01.002

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…279/96 e Lei de Proteção de Cultivaresn.º 9. 456/97, Lei de Sementes e Mudas nº 10.711/03), e com base nos tratados internacionais firmados pelo Brasil e cobrança de royalties por terceiros pelo uso da tecnologia empregada (Arias et al, 2017). Na legislação de sementes, os Direitos dos Melhoristas de Plantas têm sido abordados com o Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio (GATT) e outros acordos internacionais ampliaram os poderes dos obtentores e melhoristas (Clunies-Ross, 1996).…”

Section: Fonte: Autores (2021)unclassified

Royalties para cultivares, legislação e regulação: Uma meta-análise

Silva

Silva-Mann

Calazans

2021

RSD

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O estabelecimento de padrões e princípios para aplicação de normas de proteção de direitos de propriedade intelectual sobre as cultivares é uma medida fundamental a qualquer país, essencialmente ao Brasil, um dos países mais ricos em biodiversidade do mundo. Dessa forma, é objetivo desse trabalho realizar uma revisão sistemática para analisar a produção científica em proteção das principais cultivares protegidas, identificar parâmetros e métodos existentes para definição das taxas de royalties e os mecanismos de cobrança adotados. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática a partir de artigos publicados no período de 10 anos, de 2009 até 2019, nas bases científicas Scopus e Web of Science. Os termos e operadores booleanos: “(royalty) and (plant variety or cultivars)” foram prospectados em título ou resumo de artigos científicos. Foram prospectados 83 documentos indexados nas bases Scopus (37) e Web of Science (46). Após o tratamento dos dados e remoção de documentos duplicados restaram 43 artigos científicos. Com uma publicação média de 6,7 publicações por ano. Média de 10 citações por documento. Um total 171 autores e 271 co-autores foram elencados, sendo cinco documentos de autoria única e em média de 3,1 autores por artigo. Após o processo de refinamento, obteve-se uma amostra de estudo de 17 artigos. Os periódicos analisados não forneceram informações de como são taxados os royalties, apenas relataram o tipo de proteção e as cultivares estudadas.

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Section: Fonte: Autores (2021)unclassified

Royalties para cultivares, legislação e regulação: Uma meta-análise

Silva

Silva-Mann

Calazans

2021

RSD

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“…As herbicide-resistant weeds are becoming more prevalent in many parts of North America, new soybean cultivars have been developed with transgenes that provide resistance to both glyphosate and dicamba (Roundup Ready Xtend ® ). Dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean has transgenes that provide resistance to glyphosate through an insensitive enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) enzyme and to dicamba through metabolism by dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DR soybean will allow soybean growers to incorporate dicamba, a Group 4 benzoic acid herbicide with excellent activity on nearly 100 annual, biennial, and perennial broadleaved weeds, into their cropping system. Despite being in use for more than 50 years, there are only six weed species that are currently confirmed resistant to dicamba worldwide [6,7]. Dicamba also provides effective control of GR weeds including Amaranthus palmeri L. (palmer amaranth Wats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Control in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean with Glyphosate/Dicamba Applied at Various Doses and Timings

Soltani

Shropshire

Sikkema

2020

International Journal of Agronomy

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Seven field trials were completed over a three-year period (2016 to 2018) in southwestern Ontario, Canada, to assess weed control in conventional-till dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean with glyphosate/dicamba (2 : 1 ratio) applied postemergence (POST) at 3 doses (900, 1350, and 1800 g·ae·ha−1) and 3 application timings (up to 5, 15, and 25 cm weeds). There was minimal soybean injury (≤2%) from treatments evaluated. Glyphosate/dicamba applied at application timing of up to 5, 15, and 25 cm weeds, controlled Amaranthus spp. (pigweed spp.) 87–96, 94–99, and 99%; Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) 93–99, 97–99, and 99–100%; Chenopodium album (lambsquarters) 89–99, 95–100, and 99–100%; Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass) 81–84, 94–96, and 96–97%; Setaria faberi (giant foxtail) 37–90, 77–98, and 99–100%; and Setaria viridis (green foxtail) 94–96, 99, and 99–100%, respectively. Additionally, glyphosate/dicamba applied POST at 900, 1350, and 1800 g·ae·ha−1 controlled Amaranthus spp. 90–97, 95–98, and 97–99%; A. artemisiifolia 95–98, 97–99, and 99–100%; C. album 92–99, 95–100, and 98–100%; E. crus-galli 84–88, 93-94, and 95-96%; S. faberi 74–95, 75–97, and 79–98%; and S. viridis 98, 98–99, and 98–100%, respectively. Weed interference reduced DR soybean yield as much as 51% compared to the highest yielding treatments. Results indicate that glyphosate/dicamba applied POST at the label doses can provide an adequate control of troublesome weeds in DR soybean. Weed control was generally most consistent when glyphosate/dicamba was applied at the highest registered dose in Ontario (1800 g·ae·ha−1) and when weeds were up to 25 cm tall.

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“…The development of a Generic Event requires a complete regulatory package, even when some data on specific components of the Event can be obtained from the PRP Holder or are publicly available. Recently, an approach has been reported to produce generic glyphosate-tolerant soybean ( Glycine max ) (Rojas Arias et al, 2017). Regulatory and stewardship responsibilities for a Generic Event will be the same as for an Off-Patent Event and this will also be true for the liabilities that could be even more challenging for the developer of a Generic Event, which will probably be unpatentable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Patent Transgenic Events: Challenges and Opportunities for New Actors and Markets in Agriculture

Rüdelsheim

Dumont²,

Freyssinet

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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More than 20 years ago, the first genetically modified (GM) plants entered the seed market. The patents covering the first GM plants have begun to expire and these can now be considered as Off-Patent Events. Here we describe the challenges that will be faced by a Secondary Party by further use and development of these Off-Patent Events. Indeed, the conditions for Off-Patent Events are not available yet to form the basis for a new viable industry similar to the generic manufacturers of agrochemicals or pharmaceutical products, primarily because of (i) unharmonized global regulatory requirements for GM organisms, (ii) inaccessibility of regulatory submissions and data, and (iii) potential difficulties to obtain seeds and genetic material of the unique genotypes used to generate regulatory data. We propose certain adaptations by comparing what has been done in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical markets to facilitate the development of generics. Finally, we present opportunities that still exist for further development of Off-Patent Events in collaboration with Proprietary Regulatory Property Holders in emerging markets, provided (i) various countries approve these events without additional regulatory burdens (i.e., acceptance of the concept of data transportability), and (ii) local breeders agree to meet product stewardship requirements.

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Patents and genetically modified soybean for glyphosate resistance

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Royalties para cultivares, legislação e regulação: Uma meta-análise

Royalties para cultivares, legislação e regulação: Uma meta-análise

Weed Control in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean with Glyphosate/Dicamba Applied at Various Doses and Timings

Off-Patent Transgenic Events: Challenges and Opportunities for New Actors and Markets in Agriculture

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