Patent classifications as indicators of intellectual organization

Leydesdorff, Loet

doi:10.1002/asi.20814

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…It is worthwhile to mention that this assumption cannot be readily made without considering the difference between patent and paper citations. In fact, co-citation classification of scientific articles finds justification in the fact that citations in scientific publications can be easily associated with knowledge flows (Meyer 2000b;Leydesdorff 2008). However, the interpretation of patent citations must be put in context due to the fact that 1) a large proportion are added by examiners, and 2) that applicants can add them for strategic reasons (Sampat 2005).…”

Section: Discovering Know-how: Implementation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering and assessing fields of expertise in nanomedicine: a patent co-citation network perspective

2012

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Document publié chez l'éditeur commercial ABSTRACTDiscovering and assessing fields of expertise in emerging technologies from patent data is not straightforward. First, patent classification in an emerging technology being far from complete, the definitions of the various applications of its inventions are embedded within communities of practice. Because patents must contain full record of prior art, co-citation networks can, in theory, be used to identify and delineate the inventive effort of these communities of practice. However, the use patent citations for the purpose of measuring technological relatedness is not obvious because they can be added by examiners. Second, the assessment of the development stage of emerging industries has been mostly done through simple patent counts. Because patents are not all valuable, a better way of evaluating an industry's stage of development would be to use multiple patent quality metrics as well as economic activity agglomeration indicators. The purpose of this article is to validate the use of 1) patent citations as indicators of technological relatedness, and 2) multiple indicators for assessing an industry's development stage. Greedy modularity optimization of the 'Canadian-made' nanotechnology patent co-citation network shows that patent citations can effectively be used as indicators of technological relatedness. Furthermore, the use of multiple patent quality and economic agglomeration indicators offers better assessment and forecasting potential than simple patent counts.

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Section: Discovering Know-how: Implementation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering and assessing fields of expertise in nanomedicine: a patent co-citation network perspective

2012

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“…Leydesdorff (2008), argumenta que o uso de técnicas de coclassificação podem ser utilizadas, mas que o sucesso tem sido menor quando comparado com técnicas de cocitação, visto que as classificações são impostas, diferentemente das citações. Neste trabalho o autor traz relevantes discussões a respeito do uso das classificações das patentes e o uso da CIP para a analisar e visualizar relações entre tecnologias em diferentes níveis de agregação.…”

Section: A Classificação Internacional De Patentes E Seu Uso Para a Cunclassified

Coclassificação em artigos e patentes em biodiesel │Co-classification in papers and patents in biodiesel

Maricato

Noronha

2013

Liinc Rev.

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ResumoAs relações e interações entre a Ciência e a Tecnologia têm sido estudadas sob múltiplos enfoques e perspectivas, destacando-se os métodos bibliométricos e cientométricos. Nesta pesquisa foi abordada análise correlacional das classificações (coclassificação) de artigos e patentes em diferentes tipos de organizações (públicas e privadas), na área de biodiesel. Desenvolveu-se uma classificação para os artigos e utilizou-se a Classificação Internacional de Patentes, buscando-se identificar coocorrências entre elas. Com isso, foi possível verificar que a correlação dos assuntos das patentes e artigos, calculada a partir dos quantitativos, é positiva forte, enquanto a correlação dos assuntos identificados por países foi, positiva entre média e forte.Palavras-chave Coclassificação, Relações entre Ciência e Tecnologia, Bibliometria, Cientometria, Patentes e Artigos, Biodiesel. Co-classification in papers and patents in biodiesel: pitfalls and possibilities for relationships and interactions analysis between science and technologyAbstract The relationships and interactions between science and technology have been studied in multiple approaches and perspectives, with emphasis on the scientometric and bibliometric methods. This research investigates the correlations between classifications (co-classification) of articles and patents in different types of organizations (public and private) in the field of biodiesel. It develops a classification of the articles and uses the International Patent Classification for identifying co-occurrences among them. With this, we found that the correlation of the subjects of patents and articles, calculated from their quantities, is strongly positive, while the correlation of the issues identified by countries was positive between medium and high.

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“…This lack of clarity in the patent classification is further apparent when examining the use of multiple IPC classes for a single patent. In a study examining the use of coclassification of IPC codes at the three-and four-digit levels in a sample of 138,681 patents, Leydesdorff (2008) found a weak relation between the classifications, where a co-relation of patent citations was found to be a stronger indicator of relation than a co-classification of patents.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of learning in complex technological innovations

Alkærsig

Beukel²,

Lauto

et al. 2013

AMPROC

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This paper examines how the knowledge base of a firm affects the generation of combinatorial innovations. Recent insights in the literature on organizational learning suggest that the degree of integration among bodies of specialized technological knowledge affects the outcomes of the innovation process. However, the literature is still in its infancy in terms of the relationship between the structure of the knowledge base and the degree of technological complexity of innovations. The present study aims at understanding this relationship.We take as our empirical case hydrocracking, a rather mature technology widely applied in the oil industry. Innovations in hydrocracking are based on the combination of elementary technologies relative to three technology areas: feeds and products, catalyst preparation, and refinery processing.Using detailed patent information, we find that a specialized knowledge base enables the generation of innovations characterized by both high and low levels of complexity -i.e. encompassing both few and many multiple technological domains, while related knowledge matters only for low-complexity innovations.

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Patent classifications as indicators of intellectual organization

Cited by 86 publications

References 60 publications

Discovering and assessing fields of expertise in nanomedicine: a patent co-citation network perspective

Discovering and assessing fields of expertise in nanomedicine: a patent co-citation network perspective

Coclassificação em artigos e patentes em biodiesel │Co-classification in papers and patents in biodiesel

Types of learning in complex technological innovations

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