Patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in Pogostemon cablin Benth.

Abstract

During the screening of anti-influenza virus substances from traditional herbal medicines, the methanol extract from the leaves of Pogostemon cablin Benth. showed potent in vitro antiviral activity (99.8% inhibition at a concentration of 10 μg/mL) against influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The anti-influenza virus principle was isolated from the hexane-soluble fraction, through solvent fractionation, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The major active principle was a volatile substance that was identified as a sesquiterpene, patchouli alcohol (1), on the basis of its spectral analyses. When anti-influenza virus activity against A/PR/8/34 was evaluated by the plaque forming assay, patchouli alcohol reduced the number of plaques by 75% at 2 μg/mL and 89% at 10 μg/mL. Patchouli alcohol showed dose-dependent anti-influenza virus activity, and its IC(50) value was estimated to be 2.635 μM. Although 11 different sesquiterpenes were tested for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34, no or negligible activity was observed except for patchouli alcohol. Patchouli alcohol did not show anti-influenza virus activity against A/Guizhou/54/89 (H3N2), but showed weak activity against B/Ibaraki/2/85 (IC(50) = 40.82 μM). Patchouli alcohol did not show inhibitory activity against influenza virus neuraminidase.

Dynamic accumulation of sesquiterpenes in essential oil of Pogostemon cablin

“…In recent years, PA research has attracted significant attention due to its cognition enhancement, learning impairment attenuation, and neuroprotective activities (Huang et al, 2009). PA has also been found to strongly inhibit influenza A replication and weakly inhibit influenza B replication in vitro (Kiyohara et al, 2012). The composition of PA in the essential oil of P. cablin during maturation is summarized in Fig.…”

Gastroprotective effect and mechanism of patchouli alcohol against ethanol, indomethacin and stress-induced ulcer in rats

“…(Labiatae), is a wellknown traditional Chinese medicinal herb in southeast Asia. Pogostemonis Herba has been widely applied for gastrointestinal disease in China, Japan, and Korea as an aromatic stomachic to improve impairment of the digestive system [4]. To date, Pogostemonis Herba has been used as the main compositions in more than 40 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations, such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Shui and Po Chai Pills, which are mainly used for acute gastrointestinal disorders [5].…”

Oral administration of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba augments protection against influenza viral infection in mice

“…In recent years, PA has attracted significant research attention because of its cognition enhancing, learning impairment attenuating, and neuroprotective activities [12,13]. PA has also been found to strongly inhibit influenza A (A/PR/8/34/H1N1, A/Guizhou/54/89/H3N2) replication and weakly inhibit influenza B (B/Tbaraki/2/85) in vitro replication [14]. However, whether or not PA also has in vivo anti-influenza effects remains unclear.…”