Dynamic accumulation of sesquiterpenes in essential oil of Pogostemon cablin

Chen, Ying; Wu, Yougen; Xu, Yan; Zhang, Junfeng; Song, Xiqiang; Zhu, Guopeng; Hu, Xinwen

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.001

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The average oil percentage in “dried” P. cablin leaves as reported in 72 references was calculated as 2.6% (ranges: 0.54 – 5.2%) . However in view of the discussion below, this figure is not precise as it is dependent on the exact plant material used (cultivar, age, soil and growth conditions), percentage of stems as well as foreign materials (soil, other plant species like weeds), drying and/or fermentation, storage, final percentage of water and the distillation technique, conditions and duration.…”

Section: Influence Of Fertilisation Harvesting Time Drying Fermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review

Beek

Joulain²

2017

Flavour & Fragrance J

114

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The leaves of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae) are the source of patchouli essential oil, which is -with an annual production of about 1300 tonnes -an important and unique commodity in the fragrance industry. All the literature pertaining to patchouli was critically reviewed with an emphasis on the qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of the oil but also harvesting, fermentation, drying, distillation, used analytical techniques, sensory aspects including molecules responsible for the odour, adulteration and toxicological aspects, i.e., skin sensitisation, are discussed. In total 72 constituents have been convincingly identified in the oil and another 58 tentatively. The main constituent is the sesquiterpene patchoulol. For this review over 600 papers were consulted and in the supplementary information all patchouli-related references not relevant enough to be cited in the paper itself are listed. 6 It has been stated that "this oil is one of the most important materials available to the perfumer." 7 Approximately 90% of today's global production of 1200-1300 metric tonnes per annum is realised in Indonesia. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Influence Of Fertilisation Harvesting Time Drying Fermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review

Beek

Joulain²

2017

Flavour & Fragrance J

114

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“…Genotype effects were also observed in chicory forage, because cultivars with higher STL than others maintained the characteristics regardless of the growth sites (Foster et al, 2006). Chicory studies also report STL content variation with organ developmental stage, cultivation and geo-localisation that account for GxE effects (Peters et al, 1997; Foster et al, 2006; Ramirez et al, 2013; Chen et al, 2014). The higher content of DHLc, DHdLc and Lp in Mol vs. Gal may account for bitterness differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory (Cichorium intybus Cultigroup “Catalogna”)

et al. 2016

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Stem-chicory of the “Catalogna” group is a vegetable consumed for bitter-flavored stems. Type and levels of bitter sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) participate in conferring bitterness in vegetables. The content of lactucin—and lactucopocrin-like STLs was higher in “Molfettese” than “Galatina” landrace stalks, regardless of the cultivation sites, consistently with bitterness scores and gustative differences. The “Galatina” transcriptome assembly resulted in 58,872 unigenes, 77% of which were annotated, paving the way to molecular investigation of the STL pathway. Comparative transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of 69,352 SNPs and of 1640 differentially expressed genes that maintained the pattern independently of the site. Enrichment analyses revealed that 4 out of 29 unigenes were up-regulated in “Molfettese” vs “Galatina” within the sesquiterpenoid pathway. The expression of two germacrene A -synthase (GAS) and one -oxidase (GAO) genes of the costunolide branch correlated positively with the contents of lactucin-like molecules, supporting that STL biosynthesis regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Finally, 46 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) maintained a differential expression pattern between the two varieties regardless of the growth site; correlation analyses among TFs, GAS, GAO gene expressions and STLs contents suggest that one MYB and one bHLH may act in the pathway.

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“…A recent study revealed that the patchoulol content in leaf oil (37.5–51.0%) of P . cablin from Hainan Province is higher than that in stem oil (28.2–42.0%) and root oil (14.6–35.1%) (Chen et al ), suggesting that leaves and stems are the optimal tissues for commercial use. Furthermore, patchoulol content in the leaves and stems increase with aging (Luo et al , Chen et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cablin from Hainan Province is higher than that in stem oil (28.2–42.0%) and root oil (14.6–35.1%) (Chen et al ), suggesting that leaves and stems are the optimal tissues for commercial use. Furthermore, patchoulol content in the leaves and stems increase with aging (Luo et al , Chen et al ). Recently, compartmental expression of key genes in tobacco (Wu et al ) and Physcomitrella patens (Zhan et al ) significantly improved patchoulol content, which amounts to the level of patchoulol observed in P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and/or tissue‐specific regulation of patchoulol and pogostone in two Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. cultivars

Ouyang

Liu

Ying

et al. 2016

Physiologia Plantarum

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In Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. essential oil, patchoulol and pogostone are the two major bioactive phytochemicals while their in vivo biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In this study, seven genes of the plastidic methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway (MEP) and three genes of the cytoplasmic mevalonate pathway (MVA) in two cultivars, HN and YN, were isolated. Gene expression and phytochemical profiles across leaves and stems at different developmental stages of the two cultivars were evaluated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Hierarchical analysis showed that the expression of MVA- and MEP-related genes was clustered similarly in the two cultivars. Phytochemical assay revealed that the contents of patchoulol in leaves and pogostone in stems were regulated in an aging-dependent manner. Pogostone was only detected in stems but not in leaves of the two cultivars. The Pearson correlation analysis suggested that several genes were presumably involved in the biosynthesis of patchoulol and pogostone. In the YN cultivar, the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase 2 genes, and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase were positively responsible for patchoulol and pogostone biosynthesis, respectively. In the HN cultivar, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, and mevalonate kinase expression were positively associated with pogostone and patchoulol biosynthesis, respectively. The genes identified in this study are good candidates for the enhancement of patchoulol content in the leaves or pogostone content in the stems of P. cablin. Taken together, our results lay a solid foundation for better understanding of the mechanism underlying patchoulol and pogostone biosynthesis, which in turn may help to improve their content in P. cablin.

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Dynamic accumulation of sesquiterpenes in essential oil of Pogostemon cablin

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review

The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review

Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory (Cichorium intybus Cultigroup “Catalogna”)

Aging and/or tissue‐specific regulation of patchoulol and pogostone in two Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. cultivars

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